Diplomatic and Consular Law 1 (original) (raw)

The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict – Key Historical Events and Legal Issues

The Yearbook of the Faculty of Security, 2015

Nagorno-Karabakh represents a disputable issue in politics and international public law. Like other entities floating between autonomy within a sovereign state and fully confirmed independence, it triggers numerous questions regarding sovereignty, territorial integrity, right to self-determination, secessionism and separatism. Current position of Nagorno-Karabakh cannot be fully comprehended without a detailed insight into historical and political courses that shaped its evolution. Therefore, the authors attempt to highlight the most important and influential historical events and circumstances that had been affecting the South Caucasus region, to explain their repercussions on today’s tatus of Nagorno-Karabakh and, based upon them, estimate future development of this entity’s position in international relations. Key words: Nagorno-Karabakh, independence, self-determination, foreign policy, secession

THE CONFLICT OF AZERBAIJAN AND ARMENIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NAGORNO KARABAKH: AN OVERVIEW

Journal of Malay Islamic Studies, 2021

Every conflict and war has a prehistory , such as Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is one of them. In the current scenario, the Nagorno-Karabakh has become the centre of international politics. The article focuses on the conflicts of Nagorno Karabakh, about its actual geo-location, integrity, and sovereignty. Also, in this study, we have tried to highlight the political agenda of the world's top leading countries like Russia and France was backed by Armenia. At the same time Turkey, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Israel supported Azerbaijan. On 10 th November 2020, after six weeks of fierce fighting, Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed to end the military operation over the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute, the ceasefire brokered by Russian President Vladimir Putin. Armenian leader Nikol Pashinyan has described the decision to agree on a ceasefire as 'painful' for him and their citizens, while Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev has claimed victory. Perhaps, the objective of the full involvement of Turkey in this fight was to give a signal of emerging as a leading country in the Muslim World. The ceasefire was organized by Russia between Armenia and Azerbaijan, which keeps Turkey and western countries out of the final peace talk, which seems like Russia wants to show remains a dominant power and its impact in the South Caucasus.

An analysis of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict according to international law

An analysis of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict according to international law, 2015

This article endeavours to bring into the spotlight currently an analysis and discussion of the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, which is considered to be a ‘frozen conflict’ following dissolution of the Soviet Union. It commences with a brief historical and factual background to the conflict, concentrating primarily on the international legal aspects of the Karabakh Armenians’ right to secession under Soviet and international law in the context of the principle of uti possidetis juris put forward by Azerbaijan. Consideration is also given to the violations of international law by Armenia pertaining to referendums and the passport issue, which had previously not been well researched and documented. The article will conclude with a brief assessment of the recent Chiragov and Others v. Armenia case (by ECtHR Grand Chamber June 16th 2015), which has put an end to Armenia’s denial of its direct involvement in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and its responsibility for the occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh and seven surrounding districts. This situation needs a clear rethinking by international bodies in conflict resolution.

Nagorno Karabakh in Flames Again: Background, International Reactions and Expectations

Info Corridor, 2020

Tensions between Azerbaijan and Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, one of the flashpoints in the post-Soviet space, date back when the days of the Soviet Union were numbered. It erupted as an armed conflict in the late 1980s over Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan. The first hot phase of the conflict lasted 6 years and resulted in the occupation of the region and 7 surrounding provinces of Azerbaijan by Armenian forces. The occupation was accompanied by mass killing and ethnic cleansing: more than 700,000 Azerbaijanis were driven out of their homes. As a result of Armenian aggression, 20% of Azerbaijani lands were occupied. The United Nations Security Council`s four resolutions (822, 853, 874, 884) which demand unconditional and immediate withdrawal of Armenian forces from the occupied territories have been simply ignored. A Russian-initiated ceasefire was signed in May 1994 and peace talks, mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group, have been held

Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh: the Azerbaijani perspective on the route to peace

London School of Economics and Political Science, 2020

Since the end of September, the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the region of Nagorno-Karabakh has been reignited. Rovshan Ibrahimov and Murad Muradov present the Azerbaijani perspective on the roots of the current escalation and the way forward to a peaceful resolution. Between 1988-94, in the shadow of the break-up of the Soviet Union, Armenia and Azerbaijan fought a war within the borders of Azerbaijan. The outcome was the occupation of the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh-where there was at that time and remains today an ethnic Armenian majority-and an additional seven neighbouring districts surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh where Azerbaijanis had always constituted an overwhelming majority. As a result of the invasion, 600,000 ethnic Azeris lost their homes and became Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). A further 400,000 Azeri refugees also fled their homes within Armenia to Azerbaijan as a result of persecution. The debate over the cultural ownership and heritage of Nagorno-Karabakh and the seven occupied territories are today subject to widespread debate-but not widespread appreciation of the historical facts. It cannot be disputed that both Azerbaijani and Armenian, Christian and Muslim history and culture run deep across this region and for over one and a half thousand years. It is perhaps though to be expected that the further the journey is taken back into that history, the further it becomes subject to mythmaking.

Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Protracted Melted Conflict rather than a Frozen one

Forum of EthnoGeoPolitics Vol 8 No 1, 2020

This article discusses the recent re-eruption of the Karabakh war, which is about the ownership and control of the former Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Province and seven surrounding districts in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The parties to this conflict are the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Armenian separatists from Karabakh supported by Armenia. Nagorno Karabakh is de jure part of Republic of Azerbaijan. However, it is mainly inhabited by ethnic Armenians and is de facto under the control of the self-declared Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh). This article seeks to offer an objective discussion of this conflict which has re-erupted again into a full-scale war since September 2020; it discusses the positions taken by surrounding countries as well.

Solutions for Nagorno-Karabakh/Artsakh, Self-determination and Recognition

Lösungsansätze für Berg-Karabach/Arzach , 2010

The Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh declared its independence in 1991 and confirmed its secession from the Soviet Union through referendum. The people of Nagorno- Karabakh gained their right for self-determination through struggle and in the war, imposed by Azerbaijan. Further to long-lasting negotiations, the international recognition of the Republic appears on the agenda. In the regional context, Nagorno- Karabakh/Artsakh displays rather a high degree of statehood and therefore serves as a cornerstone of the regional stability of South Caucasus. For Europe, this is a challenge to enhance the long-term stability and welfare in its Eastern boundary in accordance with its own values. In the book, prominent scientists represent their own solutions to the issue. They substantiate their positions from the point of view of international law, political science, history, security policy and philosophy of law. Articles by Otto Luchterhandt (Hamburg), Egbert Jahn (Mannheim), Eckart D. Stratenschulte (Berlin), Alexander Manasyan (Yerevan), Martin Malek (Vienna), Sebastian Weber (Berlin), Franz Eder (Innsbruck), Dittmar Schorkowitz (Berlin) and Christian Stadler (Vienna). The book was presented in Frankfurt Book Fair 2010.