Bresit seen from the inside (original) (raw)
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The UK government has been renegotiating aspects of Britain's terms of membership of the European Union (EU) with a view to putting those revised terms to a referendum vote in which people will be invited to choose between remaining in the EU or leaving. A wide range of issues have been discussed during the course of this process so far, including the impact of EU membership on migration, Britain's economy, the country's welfare bill, and the sovereignty and security of the UK. So far, this primarily is not striking at all considering Great Britain long-standing 'struggle' with EU ever since they joined in 1973. British remain significantly less enthusiastic than their neighbours about EU membership and the EU more widely. That a large number in Britain share a Eurosceptic outlook can also be seen in their responses to the question of how they intend to vote at the referendum, which should first be situated in broader context.
Examining Brexit: Level of Analysis and Explanations
Comillas Journal of International Relations, 2021
This article analyses the scholarly debate on the Brexit phenomenon and its possible causes. By contextualizing Brexit in the International Relations Theory debate about the levels of analysis, the article focuses on some of the most recent contributions of the Brexit literature. Firstly, it analyses the contributions that explain Brexit as a problem of international and European politics, related to the adaptation of the United Kingdom to the process of European integration. Secondly, it analyses the contributions that explain Brexit as the result of causes located at the domestic level, such as the decisions and perceptions of national leaders, the decision-making process, and the impact of populist and Eurosceptic political discourse. The article identifies the advantages of an approach capable of considering both international and domestic variables. This allows a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and a potentially fruitful collaboration between political scientists from di...
EXAMINING BREXIT: LEVELS OF ANALYSIS AND EXPLANATIONS
Comillas Journal of International Relations, 2021
This article analyses the scholarly debate on the Brexit phenomenon and its possible causes. By contextualizing Brexit in the International Relations Theory debate about the levels of analysis, the article focuses on some of the most recent contributions of the Brexit literature. Firstly, it analyses the contributions that explain Brexit as a problem of international and European politics, related to the adaptation of the United Kingdom to the process of European integration. Secondly, it analyses the contributions that explain Brexit as the result of causes located at the domestic level, such as the decisions and perceptions of national leaders, the decision-making process, and the impact of populist and Eurosceptic political discourse. The article identifies the advantages of an approach capable of considering both international and domestic variables. This allows a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and a potentially fruitful collaboration between political scientists from different disciplines, such as International Relations Theory and Comparative Politics.
GREAT BRITAIN’S EXIT FROM THE EU- BREXIT
Conteporary Macedonian Defence, 2021
Abstract: This paper analyzes the attitude of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland towards European integration before and after the referendum on 23 June, in which the citizens of Great Britain voted to leave the full membership of the Euro- pean Commonwealth. The paper points out that Great Britain had certain reservations about the realization of the plan for European integration, and it underlines the complexity of Great Britain’s attitude towards European integration, which can be most clearly shown through the analysis of its traditional geographical and cultural isolationism, but also through integration, before and after its accession to the European Community in 1973. In the end, it is concluded that Brexit surprised the ruling elite in both Great Britain and the EU and it is emphasized that it is a historical event of first-class importance for the country itself, which produces numerous economic and geopolitical consequences for Europe and the whole world. Key words: European Union, United Kingdom, Brexit, Article 50, Treaty on European Union, negotiations.
EUROPEAN, BUT NOT EUROPEAN ENOUGH: AN EXPLANATION FOR BREXIT
In this article, we argue that most of the existing explanations for Brexit are unsatisfactory because they fail to answer two critical questions: ‘Why was it that the UK voted to leave rather than any other member state?’; and‘Why did the UK vote to Leave in 2016rather than at any point in the past?’ We then outline our explanation for Brexit. The UK has long been one of the most Eurosceptic countries in the EU, and the reason why is that Britons have a comparatively weak sense of European identity. Since the early 1990s, Britons’ Euroscepticism has been amplified by four key developments: the ERM crisis; the increasing extent of European integration; the Eurozone debt crisis; and mass immigration from Eastern Europe.
How did it come to a Brexit? Anti-politics and UKIP's effects on the EU referendum
Last time the British people were asked about membership to a European grouping the vote was two-to-one for continued membership. That was in 1975 and it seems a lot has changed in the subsequent decades. Not only did 52% vote for a Brexit, but we also now see a pro-Europe Scotland and a Eurosceptic England – the reverse of 1975. A question that must be asked – and will be by journalists, politicians and academics alike as Britain negotiates its exit – is simply, how did it come to this?