Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2009
Hepatitis B is a worldwide health care problem, especially in developing countries. An estimated one third of the global population has been infected with this virus. Two hundred (200) serum samples from pregnant women attending the antenatal centre of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria were screened for Hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) using the one step rapid chromatographic strip for HBsAg. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain the risk factors associated with viral hepatitis in the population. Out of the total samples screened, 32(16%) were found to be positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence was recorded among the age groups 20-29 years, with overall number of 19(9.5%). Relatively high seroprevalence (8%) was also recorded among civil servants. Considering the various risk factors, the prevalence of HBV was statistically significant (p<0.05) for subjects that had blood transfusion recording 14(7%), while those with history of...
International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 2021
The seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Benin City was investigated. Four hundred and ninety-three (N=493) blood samples were collected randomly from pregnant women attending four different hospitals in Benin City within a period of three months. The blood samples were screened for hepatitis B antibodies using FICH TECH diagnostic kit. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was done to exclude false positive cases followed by Liver Function Tests (LFT) using reflotron plus analyser. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was done to amplify hepatitis B viral DNA followed by agarous gel electrophoresis to separate the bands before visualisation with U-V transilluminator. Out of 176 blood samples collected from pregnant women attending Stella Obasanjo Women and Children Hospital, 3 (1.7%) were positive for hepatitis B antibodies. At Faith Medical Centre, 258 blood samples were collected out of which, 3 (1.2%) were positive. Enofe Medical Centre had 2 (8.0%) positive out of 25 blood samples collected while 1 (2.9%) positive case was recorded from the 34 blood samples collected at Ovbiose Hospital. Overall, 9 (1.8%) blood samples were hepatitis B antibodies positive out of the total of 493 and the difference was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The 9 positive blood samples were subjected to LFT, out of which 3 (3.33%) recorded abnormal values between alkaline phosphatase (310-423), aspartate amino transferase (49-65), alanine amino transferase (46-55), total bilirubin (1.0-9.8) and conjugated bilirubin (0.5-4.8). Out of the same nine samples amplified using polymerase chain reaction, 4 (44.4%) harboured one band of DNA each with their molecular weights varying between 100 bp-1517 bp. Out of the 4 samples that had hepatitis B viral DNA, 3 (75%) were those with abnormal LFT results. Despite the low hepatitis B prevalence among pregnant women used in this present study, there is still a need for a public health concern in Nigeria because of the risk of perinatal transfer. Therefore, all pregnant women including those previously tested or vaccinated should be tested routinely for HBsAg during early prenatal visit, preferably in the first trimester in each pregnancy.
Asian Journal of Biology, 2017
Hepatitis B virus infection is caused by Hepatitis B virus, and the virus can be transmitted from infected mother to her new born child during pregnancy. This research work was aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) in General Hospital Argungu. 300 serum samples were assayed using Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Rapid Test Strip manufactured by Lab ACON Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co., Ltd. 38 (12.7%) of the participants have antibodies to HBV. From the research the highest prevalence of HBsAg was found among the age group 20-29 years and lowest among the age group of 30-39
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria has remained a public health issue and a major cause of mortality especially in developing countries. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection is thought to be one of the major routes of transmission in developing countries. In spite of this, routine antenatal screening for hepatitis infection is not yet practiced in many Nigerian hospitals. This study was undertaken with the aim of determining the prevalence of HBsAg antibodies among women attending ante-natal clinic at General Hospital Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty women were recruited for this study between January and March, 2012 and were screened for anti-HBsAg antibodies using the one step rapid HBsAg Test Kit (Hypertec. Diagnostic, Germany). The anti-HBsAg prevalence was determined to be 4% (6/150) with the highest prevalence (7.14%) recorded in pregnant women aged 26-30 years. The trimester related prevalence of HBsAg was highest (5.88%) among women on their 2nd trimester. Statistical analysis revealed that age and trimester were not statistically associated (P > 0.05) with HBsAg antibodies prevalence. The findings of high prevalence of HBsAg in antenatal women in their 2nd trimester during which the fetus undergo certain developmental processes possess high risk to the developing fetus.
Hepatitis B virus infection amongst pregnant women in North-Eastern Nigeria- A call for action
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2011
Background: It is well known that Hepatitis B virus infection is endemic in Nigeria. Even though studies have been carried out on Hepatitis B virus infection in different parts of Nigeria, and in different subgroups of individuals, information regarding the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women is scanty especially from the Northeastern region of Nigeria. We therefore determined the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) amongst pregnant women in North Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out. The setting was the antenatal clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Yola, Nigeria. The duration of the study was from July 2008 to December 2008. Two hundred and thirty-one consecutively recruited pregnant women were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen. Positive samples were re-tested using ELISA to eliminate false positives. Their biodata were obtained using a questionnaire to establish the presence of possible risk factors such as blood transfusion, surgery, etc. Written informed consent was obtained from each woman. Results: Out of the 231 pregnant women tested, nineteen of them were seropositive for Hepatitis B virus infection giving an infection rate of 8.2%. Women in the age group 25-29 years had the highest HBV infection rate. Conclusion: This study confirms a high seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus infect ion amongst pregnant women. It is recommended that pregnant women should be routinely screened for Hepatitis B virus infection as part of antenatal care services.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences, 2012
Infections due to viral hepatitis are systemic diseases caused by viruses A-E that mostly involve the liver. [1] It is a DNA virus which belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae. The virus was first discovered as 'Australian antigen' and later named hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the blood of patients. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was discovered later as a marker for patients at a high risk for transmission of the disease. [2] Infection caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious public health problem causing about two billion infections worldwide. [3] Transmission is commonly through blood transfusion, blood products, body fluids (urine, semen, sweat, saliva, and tears), use of contaminated needles, vertical transmission (mother to child through infected birth canal), and sexual contact. [1] Neonates born of chronically infected mothers have a 70-90% risk of the infection progressing to a chronic phase. [3] Most countries in Africa have a high HBV endemicity, with the exception of Morocco and Tunisia, which have intermediate endemicity. [4] A prevalence rate of 10% of HBV was found among pregnant women in Hong Kong, [3] 12% in Taiwan, [5] and17.3% in Burkina Faso. [6] A b s t r A c t Background: Pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can transmit the infection to their fetuses and newborns. Neonates who contract the HBV have about 90% risk of developing chronic HBsAg carriage (HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen) and chronic liver disease. Neonatal immunization interrupts this vertical and perinatal transmission. Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) and to identify potential risk factors associated with HBV infection. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted involving a total of 303 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at AKTH and 303 nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Blood sample was collected from each woman and the serum tested for the presence of HBsAg using latex rapid agglutination slide test kit (Cal-Tech Diagnostic Inc., USA) in the laboratory of the hospital. Reactive samples were stored at-20ºC and further confirmed for HBsAg using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Bio-Rad, France). HBsAg-positive samples were tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) using ELISA kits (Orgenics, Israel). A pretested, structured questionnaire was used for the collection of sociodemographic data and possible risk factors. Results: The prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women and nonpregnant women were 7.9 and 7.6%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant and nonpregnant women. The presence of HBeAg was statistically significant among both pregnant and nonpregnant women who tested positive for HBsAg. The risk factors associated with HBV infection were blood transfusion, ear piercing, history of an affected sibling with HBV infection, tattooing, and abortion among pregnant women. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg in this study was not statistically different in pregnant and nonpregnant women. There was a high level of HBeAg infection among pregnant women who tested positive for HBsAg. History of an affected sibling with HBV infection, tattoo, and abortion were significant risk factors for HBV infection.
2021
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global challenge mostly in developing countries. Hepatitis B virus has infected almost one third of the world population. Pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can transmit the infection to their fetuses and newborns. As a result of the developing status of most of our communities screening of antenatal attendees is rarely done as a routine in most health facilities that offers antenatal services, hence the need for this studies at our location of study. Methods: One hundred and ninety (190) serum samples were screened among pregnant women on ante-natal care, using standard ELISA method. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to individuals to determine incidence rates and identify relative risk factors that predispose subjects to the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Results: From the total samples screened, Sixty-three, 63 (33.2%) were found to be positive for Hepatitis B virus. The highest prevalence was found amo...
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women was determined using Acon HBsAg in vitro diagnostic kit. Of the one hundred and eight (108) pregnant women tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) only 7(6.5%) were positive. Higher prevalence of HBV was recorded among pregnant women between age group 20-24years 3(8.3%), followed by 30-34years 2(7.4%), 25-29year and 35-39years with the prevalence of 1(4.8%) and 1(12.5%) respectively. HBV among pregnant women based on educational status showed that out of 108 pregnant women, only 47(43.5%) were undergone formal education while 61(56.5%) have not undergone formal education. High prevalence was recorded among those that have not undergone formal education 4(6.6%) than their counterpart with formal education 3(6.4%), although, no statistical significant difference was recorded between the educational status of the studied population and the prevalence of the HBV infection(Xsquared= 0.1279, df= 1, p-value= 0.7206). Also other variable such gravidity, trimester and history of blood transfusion were observed in this study, none of this variable was found to be risk factor acquiring HBV infection (P>0.05). This shows that Hepatitis B virus is endemic in pregnant women and evidence of this virus among pregnant women, indicating high risk of vertical transmission.
Objectives: The objectives were to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and assess the major risk factors among Nigerian pregnant women. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross‑sectional descriptive study carried out among pregnant women at the antenatal clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. A total number of 150 consenting pregnant women were selected for the study. A structured pretested interviewer‑administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. Sera were collected and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Results: Of the150 women screened during the study, 11 (7.3%) were seropositive for HBsAg. Of these 11 women, 4 (36.4%) were also positive for HBeAg. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean ages of participants who were seropositive for HBsAg and those who were negative for the virus (P = 0.888). There were statistically significant differences in the seroprevalence of HBsAg recorded among respondents with previous surgery (odd ratio [OR] ‑ 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] ‑ 1.08‑16.67; P = 0.046), previously affected sibling or spouse (OR ‑ 5.03; 95% CI ‑ 1.11–25.27; P = 0.001) and those with two or more lifetime sexual partners (OR ‑ 4.11; 95% CI ‑ 2.85–9.22; P = 0.024). Conclusion: The sero‑prevalence rate of HBV infection and also its infectivity is high in Lagos, Nigeria. These findings thus support the need for a nationwide policy of routine and widespread HBV screening among pregnant women.
2015
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface and core antigens among pregnant women visiting Ring Road Hospital for antenatal care in Ibadan, South-West, Local Government Area. Out of 150 blood samples collected and screened, using Diaspot® test strips, ten were found positive (6.6%). Pregnant women within 25-29 years had the highest prevalence of (2.7%) the lowest prevalence of 0.6% was found among pregnant women within the age group of 35-39 years. Pregnant women that are from polygamous family had (4.0%) while those from monogamous recorded 2.7%. Similarly, pregnant women with history of blood transfusion had 5.3% while those without history of blood transfusion recorded 1.3%. Chi-square analysis revealed that age, history of blood transfusion and family type are not related to infection with hepatitis B virus in the studied area. More awareness campaign should be organized in order to educate populacion on the possible route of transmission...