A review of equine periodontal disease (original) (raw)

Factors Associated with Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Periodontally Compromised Patients

There is no consistent relationship between malocclusion and periodontal disease but certain characteristics of malocclusion can promote a pathologic environment conducive to periodontal disease. One of the dramatic means available to improve the local environmental factors is through orthodontic tooth movement. The pretreatment periodontal conditions can include excessive tooth mobility, advanced crestal bone loss, infrabony defects, tipped molars, furcation involvement , and hard and soft tissue dehiscences. Movement of teeth in the presence of periodontal inflammation can result in an increased loss of attachment and irreversible crestal loss. Although absolute reduction in bone and attachment levels does not contraindicate orthodontic correction, it does increase the difficulty of delivering controlled orthodontic mechanics that would potentially minimize further bone loss. The present review article discusses the various factors that are associated with orthodontic tooth movement in periodontally compromised patients namely: 1) tooth movement into infrabony pockets; 2) tooth movement into compromised bone areas; 3) tooth movement through cortical bone; 4) extrusion (eruption); 5) intrusion; 6) tipping.

A review of equine dental disorders

Equine dentistry is a very important but until recently rather neglected area of equine practice, with many horses suffering from undiagnosed, painful dental disorders. A thorough clinical examination using a full mouth speculum is a pre-requisite to performing any equine dental procedure. Common incisor disorders include: prolonged retention of deciduous incisors, supernumerary incisors and overjet -the latter usually accompanied by cheek teeth (CT) overgrowths. Overjet can be surgically corrected, but perhaps should not be in breeding animals. In younger horses, traumatically fractured incisors with pulpar exposure may survive by laying down tertiary dentine. Loss or maleruption of incisors can cause uneven occlusal wear that can affect mastication. Idiopathic fractures and apical infection of incisors are rare. The main disorder of canine teeth is the development of calculus of the lower canines, and occasionally, developmental displacements and traumatic fractures. The main indications for extraction of ''wolf teeth'' (Triadan 05s) are the presence of displaced or enlarged wolf teeth, or their presence in the mandible.

Effect of dental floating on the rostrocaudal mobility of the mandible of horses

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2003

Objective—To evaluate the effect of dental floating on the position of the mandible relative to the maxilla (a measure of rostrocaudal mobility [RCM] of the mandible) during extension and flexion of the head of horses. Design—Randomized controlled blinded trial. Animals—59 horses housed in 1 barn. Procedure—Horses were formally randomized into a treatment (n = 33) or control (26) group. All horses were sedated, and the distance between rostral portions of the upper and lower incisor arcades were determined with the head fully extended and flexed at the poll (the difference in measurements represented the RCM of the mandible). The oral cavity was examined. For the treatment group, dental floating was performed, and the incisor arcade measurements were repeated. Results—Dental correction resulted in a significant increase in RCM of the mandible in 31 of 33 horses. The mobility was greater in heavy horses than that detected in other breed classifications. Age and number of dental lesio...

The Influence of Malocclusion on the Speed of Mastication

Aim: To evaluate the influence of the malocclusion on the functional state of the masticatory system. Material and method: The examinations were conducted at the Institute of Medical and Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Skopje. The study included 60 respondents (classified). The masticatory efficiancy is determined by examining the biopotentials of the masseter muscles of the subjects. The mechanical efficacy is determined by the number of chewing cycles and the time of mastication. Walnuts with a precise weight of 2.5 grams were used as a test-food.Results: Results from the control group show that male respondents have a lower chewing rate compared to female respondents, that is, female respondents chew food with a higher number of chewing strokes in one second. The automatic habitual chewing rate in general for all examinees from the control group (class I malocclusion) is 1.20 chewing strokes / second. In Class II / 1, the number of chewing strokes in a second was higher for male respondents, compared to female respondents, which was not the case with the respondents the control group. The automatic habitual chewing rate in general for all subjects in the group of malocclusion II / 1 is 1.30 chew.strokes / second. In Class II / 2, the number of chewing strokes in a second is greater for male respondents, compared with female respondents, just like in the Angle class II / 1, which is not the case with the subjects from the control group. The automated habitual chewing rate in general for all subjects in the group of malocclusion II / 2 is 1.27 chew.strokes / second. Conclusions: Studies have confirmed that the classification of Angle's malocclusions according to the morphological characteristics also shows differences in the function of the masticatory system. In other words, it is confirmed that there are significant differences in masticatory performance between classes I, II / 1 and II / 2