Mario Küßner/ Diethard Walter: Siedlung und Besiedlung in Thüringen zwischen 2.000 und 1.500 v. Chr. 11. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag "Siedlungsarchäologie des Endneolithikums und der frühen Bronzezeit", Halle (Saale), 18.-20. Oktober 2018. (original) (raw)

Abstract

Settlement and population in Thuringia between 2,500 and 1,500 BC Whilst new evidence of Early Bronze Age houses in central and north Thuringia have become known in larger numbers during the past few years, records of Bell Beaker structures remain exceptional. These few records – with the exception of a small settlement in Hardisleben – do not allow for drawing a secured conclusion in respect of settlement structure. The existing records for the courtyard structure and the infrastructure within the settlements are presented for the Únětice culture. Convincing finds were produced especially during the excavations in the area of the Schloßvippach settlement in the Sömmerda district and Artern settlement in the Kyffhäuser region. A broad consistency can be determined in the national comparison with regard to the structure of the agriculturally characterised settlement areas and the corresponding burial grounds which were largely only used across a few generations. Then there were individual farmsteads which were not particularly protected and open hamlets at distances adapted to the natural conditions. A simple infrastructure, e.g. in the form of works areas and pathways, has been verified in the settlement areas. Spatial and temporal overlaps of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age cultures, such as Corded Ware, Bell Beaker and Únětice cultures in Thuringia, have also been variously verified and discussed in the past few decades. These observations are however still largely based on the analysis of grave finds. Whereas settlement structures of the Early Bronze Age are basically known by now, they are largely missing for the Bell Beaker culture and have yet been scarce for the Corded Ware culture. The comparative study of the geographic conditions of the Late Neolithic and early Bronze Age sites is therefore carried out as an example based on the site distribution in small regions of the Thuringian Basin and its peripheries. Due to the good state of evidence and different natural conditions we chose the Mühlhäuser Basin, the Goldene and the Diamantene Aue as well as the eastern Thuringian Basin. Even when aspects of research history are taken into account, a central concentration, including a corresponding periphery is evident in one case. Interchange commodities witness long periods of stable long-distance connections. There is also basic evidence for the distribution channels of raw material and finished goods as well as the prominent position of the region which was controlled by elites. As elsewhere, this development stops with the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age.

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