The Discipline in Interdisciplinarity: Flagging a Blind-Spot in Sustainability Science (original) (raw)

The Philosophy of Interdisciplinarity: Sustainability Science and Problem-Feeding

Traditionally, interdisciplinarity has been taken to require conceptual or theoretical integration. However, in the emerging field of sustainability science this kind of integration is often lacking. Indeed sometimes it is regarded as an obstacle to interdisciplinarity. Drawing on examples from sustainability science, we show that problem-feeding, i.e. the transfer of problems, is a common and fruitful-looking way of connecting disparate disciplines and establishing interdisciplinarity. We identify two species of problem-feeding: unilateral and bilateral. Which of these is at issue depends on whether solutions to the problem are fed back to the discipline in which the problem originated. We suggest that there is an interesting difference between the problem-feeding approach to interdisciplinarity and the traditional integrative perspective suggested by among others Erich Jantsch and his colleagues. The interdisciplinarity resulting from problem-feeding between researchers can be local and temporary and does not require collaboration between proximate disciplines. By contrast, to make good sense of traditional integrative interdisciplinarity we must arguably associate it with a longer-term, global form of close, interdisciplinary collaboration.

Integrating disciplinary research into an interdisciplinary framework: A case study in sustainability research

Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2007

The complexity of today's research problems increasingly demands that scientists move beyond the confines of their own discipline. In this special issue, the basics of a transdisciplinary framework are established and problems analyzed in a specific discipline are successfully integrated in this transdisciplinary network. The intent has been to go beyond only statements about the importance of enabling early stage researchers to work across disciplinary boundaries, and to show that important discoveries are being made at the intersection of disciplines. Embedding various research projects in a more global framework can meet the demands of an interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approach (especially for early stage researchers) and contribute significantly to sustainable research.

Stock, P., and R. J. F. Burton. 2011. “Defining Terms for Integrated (Multi-Inter-Trans-Disciplinary) Sustainability Research.” Sustainability 3(8):1090–1113.

Sustainability, 2011

Our contemporary social and ecological problems, including climate change, peak oil and food security, necessitate solutions informed by multiple backgrounds that singular disciplines seem unable to provide, and possibly, are even incapable of providing. The increasing occurrence of multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary (MIT) research projects speak to the recognition of that necessity. But as the literature and our own experiences bear out, just calling a project “beyond disciplinary” or integrated does not necessarily yield the intended outcomes or make progress toward alleviating the hurdles of bridging disciplines. Here we examine the distinctions between three categories (multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) of integrated research and offer reflections on how sustainability researchers can categorize their research to improve common understandings.

Sustainability: an interdisciplinary field

Discussed herein is the interdisciplinary nature of the sustainability sciences field. Through a critical historical account of so-called rationalisation of life and science, it is recognised that the economic growth model that prevailed over the last few centuries led to a disjunctive dissociation of our social systems from the natural systems, which now figures as a root cause of unsustainability. The same rationalisation arguably provoked the fragmentation of knowledge into more and more specialised disciplines, as part of a scientific framework that cannot now be readily applied to deal with current pressing socioenvironmental problems. It is argued that interdisciplinarity is the only academic response capable of achieving the reintegration of knowledge required to address the sustainability paradigm, as compromises are sought between what is essential, desired and possible, both within and without academia.

A framework for interdisciplinary research into sustainability

An interdisciplinary approach is essential to sustainability research. The lack of a common language and common frame of reference is one significant barrier to be overcome by interdisciplinary teams and individuals working across several disciplines. This paper describes a simple framework that can be used in an interdisciplinary manner. It is based on a hierarchical evolutionary model conceived of by Robert Pirsig author of populist philosophy books [‘Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: an inquiry into values’ and ‘Lila: an Inquiry into Morals’]. Pirsig's metaphysics is examined and compared with emerging ideas from a variety of academic disciplines including design, architecture, environmental psychology, engineering, landscape, consumer policy and environmental management, each of which are shown to share themes with this framework. Pirsig's model has been developed to reflect problems and solutions associated with sustainability. The results of a pilot study into the application of the framework by a study group representing a range of disciplines is described, preliminary results are presented and discussed. The paper closes with conclusions about the usefulness and appropriateness of the framework for sustainability research, and a number of areas for further work are identified.

Interdisciplinarity

Situating Sustainability: A Handbook of Contexts and Concepts, 2021

This chapter discusses the interdisciplinarity which lies at the heart of Sustainability Science. Drawing on the historical development of the field, this chapter offers examples of enquiry from multiple research centres.

A review of transdisciplinary research in sustainability science

Achieving the goal of sustainability requires understanding and management of unprecedented and interconnected challenges. A transdisciplinary approach is a key component of sustainability science. However, there are considerable barriers to implementing transdisciplinary projects. We undertake a mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis of peer-reviewed sustainability science studies where the transdisciplinary approach has been applied. We assess the growth and scientific impact of transdisciplinary sustainability research, the methods used and how three key characteristics of transdisciplinarity research-process phases, knowledge types and the intensity of involvement of practitioners-are implemented. While transdisciplinary research is growing there is no common glossary, no focused communication platform and no commonly shared research framework. Transdisciplinary research utilizes a broad, but not clearly defined, set of methods for knowledge production. While the intensity of practitioner involvement varied within the case studies analyzed, very few realized empowerment. Based on our review of transdisciplinary case study papers we conclude that transdisciplinary research must be clearly framed, including the use of a common terminology and the development of a broad suite of appropriate methods. Despite the challenges highlighted here, science needs to move beyond classical disciplinary approaches and should consider interdisciplinary work that engages with practitioners to achieve sustainable transitions.

Rau et al 2017 Scientific and Societal Impact of Interdisciplinary Sustainability Research

A B S T R A C T Academics are increasingly expected to produce concrete and directly applicable solutions to hard-to-solve 'real-world problems' such as poverty, development, and environmental degradation. However, conventional assessments of the impact of science on society have not yet been adequately adapted to capture the diverse effects of this type of problem-centred research. Drawing on a case study of a large-scale project on (un)sustainable consumption, this paper demonstrates the range, complexity and potential long-term nature of impact in in-terdisciplinary sustainability research. It thus supports arguments for alternative approaches to impact assessment that question conventional views of translating scientific knowledge into action, value the multi-direc-tionality of science-society relations and recognise diverse forms of engagement between scientists and non-scientific actors through non-academic channels and outputs. The paper also challenges common (mis)con-ceptions of work practices in a university context by demonstrating the highly innovative and inclusive nature of much sustainability research that seeks to address the needs of diverse communities of actors. It is argued that only radically different ways of conceptualising and measuring short-, medium-and long-term impacts can capture the success or otherwise of social-scientific and interdisciplinary sustainability research.