On the Performance of LoRaWAN in Smart City: End-Device Design and Communication Coverage (original) (raw)

Challenges of LoRaWAN technology in smart city solutions

Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 2022

A number of technological application factors can be highlighted in smart city solutions, where small data and long-range transmission are of primary consideration. These include monitoring energy consumption, operating a smart waste management system, monitoring, and tracking traffic, having smart parking systems, monitoring public lighting, and even detecting various malfunctions. Such smart city systems use IoT technology for data collection. An essential aspect of urban solutions is to ensure the coverage of large areas, both outdoors and indoors, low energy consumption, as well as modularity and mobility. LPWAN technologies can meet these conditions. LPWAN technologies include LTE-M, NB-IoT, LoRaWAN, and Sigfox. Using LoRaWAN technology can be the right solution for these cases. As with any application, it is crucial to clarify the challenges of the application with LoRaWAN. The present study addresses the categorization of LoRaWAN devices and the challenges of technology in smart city solutions. LoRaWAN products used in smart city solutions can be grouped according to several aspects. This article deals with the creation of classifications that facilitate further testing. Smart city application challenge studies are applied to the specified categories. The challenges of the solutions cover several areas. These include technological aspects, aspects of specifications, and aspects of the nature of the application. Another area represents the information security aspects, which is, however, not addressed by this invention. Based on these aspects, the article describes the challenges of LoRaWAN technology in smart cities.

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN): An overview and its importance in the world of IoT

The main issues faced by the low power communication standards are its inability to communicate over a fairly long distance. This paper focuses on a fairly new connectivity protocol known as the LoRa which is gaining importance in the world of IoT for its capability to communicate over a long range while exploiting the low power advantages of the conventional LPWAN(Low Power Wide Area Network) protocol. We have discussed the LoRa standard here along with its advantages over other protocols like Zigbee, Bluetooth, Z-wave which till now are reigning the low power wireless connectivity domain.

A Survey of LoRaWAN for IoT: From Technology to Application

Sensors, 2018

LoRaWAN is one of the low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies that have received significant attention by the research community in the recent years. It offers low-power, low-data rate communication over a wide range of covered area. In the past years, the number of publications regarding LoRa and LoRaWAN has grown tremendously. This paper provides an overview of research work that has been published from 2015 to September 2018 and that is accessible via Google Scholar and IEEE Explore databases. First, a detailed description of the technology is given, including existing security and reliability mechanisms. This literature overview is structured by categorizing papers according to the following topics: (i) physical layer aspects; (ii) network layer aspects; (iii) possible improvements; and (iv) extensions to the standard. Finally, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis is presented along with the challenges that LoRa and LoRaWAN still face.

Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: Comparison of LoRaWAN and NB-IoT Performance

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) have become an important enabler for the Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. Application domains, such as smart cities, smart agriculture, intelligent logistics, and transportation, require communication technologies that combine long transmission ranges and energy efficiency. Recent and future trends make the long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) and narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) the most prospective drivers of the IoT business. In this article, after discussing the main features of the two technologies, we carry out a fair quantitative comparison between the two, investigating different performance indicators, in order to guide designers in the selection of the most appropriate technology, depending on the application requirements. Index Terms-Internet of Things (IoT), long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN), low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs), narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT).

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF DEDICATED NETWORK FOR IOT USING LoRaWAN TECHNOLOGIES

The Internet of things (IoT) is invasive our lives by connecting encompassing human things to the internet. In this paper, we've got an inclination to addresses the long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) that pulls various attentions primarily by their ability to produce lowcost property to the low-power devices which are distributed over very huge geographical areas. LoRaWAN offers radio coverage over very huge area by approach of base stations and adapting transmission rates, transmission power, modulation, duty cycles, etc., such end-devices incur awfully low energy consumption due to their being connected.

A study of LoRa low power and wide area network technology

2017 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing (ATSIP)

LoRa T M is low power wide area wireless network (LPWAN) protocol for Internet of Things (IoTs) applications. LPWAN has been enabling technology of large scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Effective cost, long range and energy efficiency of LPWANs make them most suitable candidates for smart city applications. These technologies offer novel communication paradigm to address discrete IoT's applications. LoRa is a recently proposed LPWAN technology based on spread spectrum technique with a wider band. LoRa uses the entire channel bandwidth to broadcast a signal which makes it resistant to channel noise, long term relative frequency, doppler effects and fading. This paper focuses on the emerging transmission technologies dedicated to IoT networks. Characteristics of LoRa are based on three basic parameters: Code Rate (CR), Spreading Factor (SF) and Bandwidth (BW). This paper provides in depth analysis of the impact of these three parameters on the data rate and time on air.

A Study of LoRa: Long Range & Low Power Networks for the Internet of Things

Sensors, 2016

LoRa is a long-range, low-power, low-bitrate, wireless telecommunications system, promoted as an infrastructure solution for the Internet of Things: end-devices use LoRa across a single wireless hop to communicate to gateway(s), connected to the Internet and which act as transparent bridges and relay messages between these end-devices and a central network server. This paper provides an overview of LoRa and an in-depth analysis of its functional components. The physical and data link layer performance is evaluated by field tests and simulations. Based on the analysis and evaluations, some possible solutions for performance enhancements are proposed.

A Study of LoRa: Long Range & Low Power Networks for the Internet of Things

LoRaWAN: State of the Art, Challenges, Protocols and Research Issues

2020 IEEE 23rd International Multitopic Conference (INMIC)

Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) gaining much attention in the industry as well as in academia due to its ability to communicate over the long-range. Due to this reason, LPWAN is considered one of the favorable technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT). Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the promising technologies of the LPWAN that provide communication with low power, low cost, long-range, and low data rate. This paper covers the state of the art of LoRaWAN technology. Further, this paper discusses the design goal of Long Range (LoRa) technology. Medium Access Control (MAC) layer recent advancements are also part of the paper. Finally, the future research challenges of Physical and MAC layer implementation of LoRaWAN are also highlighted that help researchers and industrialist to implement the concept of LoRaWAN in IoT.

LoRaWAN -A Low Power WAN Protocol for Internet of Things: a Review and Opportunities

2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) vision requires increasingly more sensor nodes interconnected and a network solution that may accommodate these requirements accordingly. In wireless sensor networks, there are energy-limited devices; therefore techniques to save energy have become a significant research trend. Other issues such as latency, range coverage, and bandwidth are important aspects in IoT. It is considering the massive number of expected nodes connected to the Internet. The LoRaWAN (Low Power WAN Protocol for Internet of Things), a data-link layer with long range, low power, and low bit rate, appeared as a promising solution for IoT in which, end-devices use LoRa to communicate with gateways through a single hop. While proprietary LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technologies are already hitting a large market, this paper addresses the LoRa architecture and the LoRaWAN protocol that is expected to solve the connectivity problem of tens of billions of devices in the next decade. Use cases are considered to illustrate its application alongside with a discussion about open issues and research opportunities.

On the Performance of LoRaWAN in Smart City: End-Device Design and Communication Coverage (original) (raw)

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