Epistolari entre Eugeni d’Ors i Antoni López Llausàs, 1934-1939 (original) (raw)
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The rediscovery of the Spanish Republic of Letters
History of European Ideas, 2019
This article provides a reappraisal of the history of proyectismo. Scholars have employed the concept to categorise early eighteenth-century Spanish authors and reforms, and have thereby severed them from their historical context. This article explores the imperial origins of this political culture by shedding light on the generation of knowledge in early eighteenth-century diplomatic and imperial spaces. The article focuses on the overlooked thinker Álvaro José Navia-Osorio y Vigil, Marquis of Santa Cruz de Marcenado (1684–1732) – long considered to be a proyectista – and his appeal to the Spanish Republic of Letters to assist him in his project for a universal dictionary; an enterprise that predated Chamber’s Cyclopedia and Diderot and D’Alembert’s Encyclopédie. Marcenado’s contributions to the establishment of Spanish intellectual connections with foreign thinkers were, moreover, symptomatic of the political approach of early eighteenth-century ilustrados – transterritorial, transnational, and transversal thinkers who drew on the peninsula’s ties with the Flanders and Italy to revitalise the intellectual life of Spain. These thinkers recovered the study of Muslim Spain, and envisioned the establishment of councils and academies in Mexico and Peru. The Spanish Enlightenment, then, originated in the early eighteenth-century from their rediscovery of the Spanish Republic of Letters.
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In this paper I focus on the historiographical fate of Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) and Pedro da Fonseca (1528-1599) in two Iberian journals ran by Jesuits and founded in 1945: the Spanish Pensamiento, and the Portuguese Revista portuguesa de filosofia. I endeavor to show that the discussions of Suárez's and Fonseca's ideas on these journal is a twosided case of constructing the legacies of major figures in late scholasticism, and I emphasize how the demand to identify cultural national heroes intertwines with theoretical and ideological elements, especially the peculiar history of the Iberian Peninsula, and to the historical relationships between Spain and Portugal. With regard to Suárez, the Pensamiento group strives to carve out a specific place for Neo-Suarezianism within Neo-Thomism, also via a substantive reassessment of Suárez's importance in the history of scholasticism and of philosophy in general. Hence, Suárez's thought undergoes triumphant reevaluation, which even aims at ousting Aquinas as the ultimate reference of scholasticism, to make Suárez's Thomism the principal authority of contemporary schools. By contrast, Fonseca remains a rather obscure and neglected figure, dug up by his fellow compatriots on the Revista portuguesa de filosofia, also against this attempt at establishing a Suarezian, Spanish hegemony.
Revisiting Centres and Peripheries in Iberian Studies: Culture, History and Socio-economic Change. Ed. Mark Gant. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019, pp.233-263. , 2019
The first decades of the twentieth century represented a golden age in the cultural relations among peninsular peripheral nationalisms. Inheriting their aspirations for national resurgence from Romanticism, and relying on literature as a reflection of the national Volksgeist, the affirmation of the Iberian nationalisms, mainly the Basque country, Catalonia and Galicia, resulted from the emergence of their communities as they imagined themselves as independent from the Spanish Nation State. Nationalist aspirations, based on differentiation, aimed to force a redefinition of political geography, seeking to operate a reterritorialization, that is, to forge new identity spaces where peoples can freely express themselves at the cultural and political levels (Deleuze, Guatari). In these peripheral regions of Spain two cultural movements seeking to establish contact with an also emergent Portuguese culture developed. The most abiding affinity among them resides in the revision of their own narratives, narratives of (re)emergence, due to long antecedents in their literary historiography, now trying to overcome the period of crisis or forgetting, due to having been denied the opportunity for affirmation owing both to the absorbing influence of foreign aesthetic movements, as in the Portuguese case, or by the Spanish central state domination, imposing on peripheral regions the Hispanic political and cultural matrix.