Can orthoses and navicular drop affect foot motion patterns during running (original) (raw)
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of a custom foot orthotic (CFO) intervention on lower extremity intralimb coupling during a 30-min run in a group of injured runners and to compare the results to a control group of healthy runners. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected during a 30-min run on healthy female runners (Shoe-only) and a group of female runners who had a recent history of overuse injury (Shoe-only and Shoe with custom foot orthoses). Results from the study revealed that the coordination variability and pattern for the some couplings were influenced by history of injury, foot orthotic intervention and the duration of the run. These data suggest that custom foot orthoses worn by injured runners may play a role in the maintenance of coordination variability of the tibia (transverse plane) and calcaneus (frontal plane) coupling during the Early Stance phase. In addition, it appears that the coupling angle between the knee (transverse plane) and rearfoot (frontal plane) joints becomes more symmetrical in the late stance phase as a run progresses.
Sensors
The objectives of this study were to determine the amplitude of movement differences and asymmetries between feet during the stance phase and to evaluate the effects of foot orthoses (FOs) on foot kinematics in the stance phase during running. In total, 40 males were recruited (age: 43.0 ± 13.8 years, weight: 72.0 ± 5.5 kg, height: 175.5 ± 7.0 cm). Participants ran on a running treadmill at 2.5 m/s using their own footwear, with and without the FOs. Two inertial sensors fixed on the instep of each of the participant’s footwear were used. Amplitude of movement along each axis, contact time and number of steps were considered in the analysis. The results indicate that the movement in the sagittal plane is symmetric, but that it is not in the frontal and transverse planes. The right foot displayed more degrees of movement amplitude than the left foot although these differences are only significant in the abduction case. When FOs are used, a decrease in amplitude of movement in the thre...
The influence of semi-custom orthoses on multi- segment foot kinematics in males
2015
The current investigation aimed to investigate the influence of semi-custom orthoses on multi-segment foot kinematics and plantar fascia strain in recreational runners. Fifteen male runners ran at 4.0 m.s-1 with and without orthotics. Multi-segment foot kinematics and plantar fascia strain were obtained using a 3D motion capture system. Differences between orthotic and no-orthotic conditions were examined using paired samples t-tests. The results showed firstly that orthoses did not significantly (p>0.05) improve plantar fascia strain. Relative transverse plane ROM rearfoot-tibia articulation was however significantly (p<0.05) reduced when wearing orthotics. This indicates that there may be some benefit from orthotic intervention. However, the mean reduction in angulation between orthotic and no-orthotic conditions was very small and thus further prospective investigations regarding the clinical efficacy of semi-custom orthoses are required.
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 1993
he stance phase of gait is a closed chain lower extremity activity that requires coordinated movement between the proximal and distal joints (4, 10, 1 1 , 2 1 , 28, 32, 34, 39). The foot performs many essential dynamic functions during the stance phase that enable the body to progress forward in normal walking (27). Functional movement of the foot from a mobile adaptor to a rigid lever for propulsion depends on a balance between pronation and supination of the subtalar joint during the appropriate portions of stance. This ensures proper biomechanical functioning of the foot and normal associated movement at the ankle and knee (16). The pathomechanics of gait manifest clinically as a variety of musculoskeletal disorders, such as patellar pain syndrome, shin splints, plantar fascitis, sinus tarsitis, and numerous foot and leg tendinitises (1 0). Foot orthotics are intended to restore dynamic stability and reduce compensatory pronation of the subtalar joint during the initial stance phase of gait. Precise subtalar joint motion is essential to avoid stress to the ankle and proximal joints of the limb (3 1). Rapid pronation occurs immediately after heel contact, and then progressive supination continues until terminal stance (1 9). Prona-Research on foot orthotics i s primarily restricted to their effect on the lower limb during running. Research is limited, however, on the potential of foot orthotics to control the mechanics of the foot during walking. The purpose of this study was to examine the interactive effect of foot orthotics and two walking speeds on the angular changes at the rearfoot, ankle, and knee, and temporal events during stance. Ten subjects demonstrating a minimum of 3" of calcaneal eversion in relaxed standing participated in the project. All subjects routinely wore functional orthotics that were used during testing in conjunction with personal athletic shoes. Individuals were tested with and without the orthotics while walking on a treadmill at 2 and 3 mph. A four-camera motion analysis system was used to capture three-dimensional motion at 60 frames per second. Angle plots illustrated changes in joint motion at the knee, ankle, and rearfoot. Temporal data for heel strike, heel rise, and toe off of the foot during the stance were calculated. A two-factor repeated analysis of variance was used to determine the main and interactive effects of the orthotic and s p e d on the dependent variables. When walking with the orthotic, there was a significant reduction in the degree of pronation throughout stance as well as an increase in the duration of stance time as measured from heel strike to heel rise. The orthotic did not significantly reduce the velocity of pronation during the first 20% of stance. There was a speed effect for peak dorsiflexion and knee flexion. The data are discussed with respect to a biomechanical rationale for the effects noted and the need for the use of orthotics during walking as well as during more strenuous exercise.
Influence of a Custom Foot Orthotic Intervention on Lower Extremity Dynamics In Healthy Runners
Clinical Biomechanics, 2006
Abstract Objective. To investigate the influence of a custom foot orthotic intervention on the lower extremity dynamics in healthy runners. Design. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were collected on 15 female runners (>15 miles per week) while each performed the over-ground running trials in either a shoe only or a shoe + custom foot orthotic condition. Kinematic and kinetic variables were analyzed using Paired Sample t-tests. Background. Custom foot orthotics are frequently prescribed treatment modality for the management of overuse running injuries. Although it is generally accepted that a custom foot orthotic intervention produces positive clinical outcomes, it remains unclear whatinfluence this therapeutic modality has on the dynamics of the lower extremity. Methods. Each subject performed five acceptable over-ground running trials (3.6 m s1 ±5%) with and without the custom foot orthotic intervention in a running shoe. Selected maximum ankle and knee joint angles and moments were measured during the stance phase. Results. While wearing the custom foot orthotic, subjects exhibited significantly decreased maximum values in rearfoot eversion angle, rearfoot eversion velocity and internal ankle inversion moment. Conclusions. In this sample of healthy female runners, the custom foot orthotic intervention led to significant decreases in maximum values for ankle dynamics in the frontal plane and in the sagittal plane of the knee joint.
Effect of Foot Orthoses on Angular Velocity of Feet
Sensors
There is some uncertainty regarding how foot orthoses (FO) affect the biomechanics of the lower extremities during running in non-injured individuals. This study aims to describe the behavior of the angular velocity of the foot in the stride cycle measured with a low-sampling-rate IMU device commonly used by podiatrists. Specific objectives were to determine if there are differences in angular velocity between the right and left foot and to determine the effect of foot orthoses (FO) on the 3D angular velocity of the foot during running. The sample was composed of 40 male adults (age: 43.0 ± 13.8 years, weight: 72.0 ± 5.5 kg, and height: 175.5 ± 7.0 cm), who were healthy and without any locomotor system alterations at the time of the test. All subjects use FO on a regular basis. The results show that there are significant differences in the transverse plane between feet, with greater differences in the right foot. Significant differences between FO and non-FO conditions were observed...