Context, The Modern House and the Suburbs: A Discussion Based on the Villa Stein-de Monzie (original) (raw)
Related papers
Expiring Neighborhood: Architecture as a Tool for Marketing “Home” in Istanbul/Turkey
Proceedings of the 31st International Academic Conference, London, 2017
Istanbul is one of the metropolitan areas connected to the globe in many ways. Since 1980, Turkey is open to the effects of the consumer culture. TV series, imported goods, brand names, commercials, working practices, etc. changed not only our everyday life, but our values as well. "Competing", "show off" and "money" are the basic motivation for the society instead of "solidarity", "sensitivity" and "respect". Architecture is in use of the economy policy as one of the tools supporting the social change towards a capital oriented mass. The criterion to buy a house is its exchange value instead of its use value as a "home". A house is not considered as a "home 'to enjoy our individual/family life any more. Masses are being manipulated to think the house as an asset for investment on sale. The program and the spatial organization of the houses depend on the rules of marketing, instead of beauty, strength, or use as it used to be in the history of architecture. Considering the percentage of housing in the context of the built environment, and the effect of the space on the human mind/body, it is easy to imagine this consumerist approach of housing will cause a big change on the urban dynamics. The neighborhoods in Istanbul are already under attack of the contractor companies. High-rise residences with some commercial facilities have been constructed and sold for high prices. In a short period, this pattern of production has become a conventional practice of the production of housing. This paper presents a fragment from the current everyday life in Istanbul drifting attention to the contradiction in-between the demands of the housing market and the embedded value of the societal relations at the neighborhoods. The target is showing the upcoming danger of losing the human values, values of architecture and the city as a living organism, and questioning the possibilities for a better future.
Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2017
Since the 18th century, the irritating but also fascinating scenes of urbanity-a complex phenomenon with cultural, social, political, economic, temporal, spatial, functional, and formal dimensions-have been described in literary works. Many seemingly opposite facts, such as individuality/society, freedom/loneliness/socialization, anonymity/strangeness/identity/belonging, diversity/chaos/segregation, indifferent city-dweller/initiative citizenship, have been revealed through literary works, travel and utopian writing, urban theories, scientific studies, manifestos, and newspaper articles. On the one hand, there are those who advocate a life outside the city because they consider the problems produced by the city and the phenomenon of density which they perceive merely in quantitative terms, as unsolvable problems. On the other hand, there are those who see the production of loose urban fabric as a solution or those who accept the (seemingly) opposite facts of urbanity as positive values and therefore support city life. All of these ideas are still as actual today as they were in the past. We are often unable to use our citizen rights to the city, to encounter different classes (social/ethnic/religious), to experience heterogeneity as an aspect inherent in city life and in the route of our daily life-following the orders of the capitalist system mainly organized around work-and we are often drawn into the same districts on the same paths. Our perception of our urban environments may get monotonous and shallow, but the irritating yet fascinating features of the first big cities still exist and may be grasped and brought into consciousness. Throughout their architectural education, especially in urban design studios, students can be encouraged to investigate the rhythm of their daily life, the conditions of their urban environments, and discovering the city as an intellectual and sensual programme, so that the phenomenon of urbanity can be grasped not just on formal, but on various other dimensions as well. This study focuses on the process and outcomes of two urban studios located in Taksim Square and along the shores of the Golden Horn in Istanbul. Taking the multidimensional content of urbanity into account, acquired theoretically through literary works and studies on urban planning and its history, the main aim of these studios has been the phenomenological understanding of the dynamic content of urbanity by the students. Through creative analysis of permanent/temporary spaces engendered by the diversity of user profiles and actions discovered on phenomenological excursions, students examine the qualitative values of density and global and local dynamics. We believe that designing spaces as "prototypes" helps highlight the multidimensional content of urbanity. The present study aims not only to highlight the multidimensional content of urbanity, but also to encourage its discussion in architectural design education and to emphasize the positive contribution of theoretical readings and phenomenological studies to urban design studios. The present study also aims to emphasize the beneficial correlation of global and local dynamics as the two faces of urbanity; important more than ever for the big cities of the 21st century if we advocate for a vivid and resilient city life and citizens.
Transformation In The Urban Pattern Of Istanbul: From Multi-Storey Dwellings To Gated Communities
MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 2017
Pek çok ülkede tarihi ve doğal çevreler zaman içerisinde sosyo-kültürel, ekonomik, politik etkenler doğrultusunda dönüşüme maruz bırakılmıştır. Mevcut kent dokusu içinde insanların uzun yıllar boyunca deneyimleyerek oluşturdukları ve kültürel yapılarının bir yansıması olan geleneksel konut dokularının, çeşitli dönemlerde ortaya çıkan farklı gereksinimler doğrultusunda ve yeni yapım tekniklerinin kullanımıyla hızla ve kontrolsüz bir biçimde dönüşmesi, kentsel sorunlara sebep olmuştur. Türkiye'de de bozulma sürecini tetikleyen en önemli unsur çok katlı konut yapılarının kentin mevcut dokusunu göz ardı ederek çoğalması olmuştur. Bu makalede çalışma alanı olarak seçilen İstanbul'da, 19. yüzyıldan itibaren inşa edilen çok katlı konutların yarattığı değişim analiz edilmekte, sosyal ve fiziksel çevre üzerindeki etkileri sorgulanmaktadır. Makalede yeni mimari anlayışın insan ve kent yaşamını dönüştürmesindeki hızı irdelenmekte ve günümüzde tüm kenti etkisi altına alan bu yapılaşmanın kent belleğine olan etkileri değerlendirlmektedir. Çağdaşlığın biçimsel bir ifadesi olduğu düşünülen çok katlı konutlar, yalnızca kent dokusunu değiştirmekle kalmamış, kullanıcıların yaşamlarını da derinden etkilemiştir. Çeşitli araştırmacılar, konutun bulunduğu yerden ayrı düşünülemeyeceğini, çevresiyle bir bütün olduğunu ifade etmektedir, ancak Türkiye'de konut ve çevre bütünlüğünün bulunduğu yaşam çevrelerine rastlamak giderek güçleşmektedir. Kitlesel üretim mantığında, ihtiyaç ve çıkarlar doğrultusunda hızla çoğalan ve kolektif yaşam biçimini barındıran yeni konut formları, değinilen sebeplerle günden güne bulunduğu çevreye yabancılaşmakta ve beton yığınları biçiminde kenti istila etmektedir. Modernleşme sürecinden en çok etkilenen bölgelerden olması ve diğer metropollere oranla farklı yapı tekniği ve formlarını bünyesinde barındırması dolayısıyla İstanbul bu çalışma için örnek olarak seçilmiştir. Bu makalede yeni mimari arayışların etkisiyle İstanbul'da 19. yüzyıldan itibaren giderek yükselen çok katlı konut formlarının insan yaşamını nasıl etkilediği, süregelen bu modern mimari anlayışın kentin mevcut dokusunu nasıl değiştirdiği ve günümüz kentindeki durum incelenmektedir.
Contemporary Issues in Housing Design, 2018
Residential space is shaped by the activities of its eventual occupants, with a distinction between indoor and outdoor space that is firmly established by cultural and traditional identities. Occupants will find a sense of belonging so long as they are able to customize their living spaces in a way that reflects their identity. The very first argument of the "new" was to leave the "old" in the past. In a time when anything that belonged to the past was stripped of its value, and further, when the ties with cultural values were cut off, people were condemned to alienating themselves from their environment. Turkish fashion, lifestyle, clothing, accessories, goods, motifs, and symbols were carried from Anatolia to Europe under the generic name of "Turquerie". In this period, the "old" of one culture became the "new" of another. Developments that are not internalized have a direct impact on residential space. This situation sometimes necessitates accepting the "new" and the "old" simultaneously. The initial instinct that drove the idea of housing was sheltering and protection, which later transformed into investment and prestige. Once humans (and society) settled into its present course, residential space design became image-and luxury-centred. In the broadest terms, the notion of space can represent the endlessness of outer space as easily as it can define the smallest of cells. An action and 47
An Educational Experience of Urban Renewal: A Case Study of Mass Housing in Kagithane, Istanbul
Global Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences , 2016
In Istanbul, rural and urban migrations and unplanned urbanization have resulted in severe housing problems, especially for the lower and middle-income groups. Within the context of Architectural Design Studio VII for the IKU Department of Architecture, senior architecture students were encouraged to go beyond developing projects for mere educational purposes and instead discuss alternatives for residential design. A problematic residential area of 40.000 square meters in Kagithane, which has officially been designated a renewal area in Istanbul-Turkey, was selected as the case study area. Students were asked to analyse the site in terms of physical and social attributes. Each student detected and defined different sets of problems and was expected to propose an experimental, creative, new housing alternative and system. The main theme of the studio was to understand, evaluate, and improve urban life in and around the defined site. The approach of the design process followed was a contextual methodology. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and put forward different contextual approaches within the framework of this project for use in pursuing new solutions to similar global housing problems.
MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 2016
Çalışma, İstanbul'da konut çevrelerinde son birkaç yıl içinde gözlemlenen ve farklı kentsel kimlikleri kopyalayarak birebir uygulayan yeni bir eğilimin tartışılmasını ve söz konusu konut yerleşimlerine potansiyel kullanıcıların verdikleri tepkileri anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede bir araştırma yapılmış ve "Venedik San Marco Meydanı" ve "İstanbul Boğazı"nı kopyalayarak bu mekanlarda yaşamayı vaadeden iki farklı konut yerleşimi seçilmişitir. Seçilen konut yerleşimleri ile ilgili "mimar" ve "mimar olmayan" potansiyel kullanıcıların değerlendirmeleri ve tercihlerini analiz eden bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma, iki farklı grubun yerleşimlerin görsel özelliklerini tanım ve tercihlerinde farklılıklar olacağı hipotezini de test etmektedir. Yirmi mimar ve 20 mimar olmayan katılımcıya, konut yerleşimlerini değerlendirmeleri için bir "görsel değerlendirme testi" uygulanmıştır. Anket uygulaması ile gerçekleştirilen değerlendirme testinde seçilen konut yerleşimlerinin imajları kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, iki grup arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedr. Mimarlar, konut yerleşimlerinin değerlendirilmesinde genel olarak negatif bir eğilimdeydi ve çoğunlukla "tasarım ve bağlam" üzerine odaklanmıştır. Mimar olmayanlar ise konut yerleşimlerinin özelliklerini genel olarak olumlu olarak değerlendirmiş ve "fonksiyon-birimler" ve "kalite" konuları ile ilgilenmişlerdir. Mimar olmayanların, kentsel kimliklerin kopyalanmasının en önemli amacı olarak görünen "Venedik'te yaşamak" veya "Boğaz'da yaşamak" konseptleri ile ilgilenmedikleri, onları daha çok yerleşimlerin "yeni, planlanmış ve düzenli" olmalarının, sosyal ve rekreasyonel alanları gibi kent merkezinde yoksun kaldıkları özelliklerin cezbettiği anlaşılmaktadır.
Postmodern Istanbul’da Çağdas Konut
Contemporary Housing in Postmodern Istanbul, 2011
In last two decades a lot changed in Istanbul and Turkey. Becoming a part of global economic system and its new emerging trends has had significant impacts on housing habits of residents of metropolis. Istanbul, being the biggest and economically most significant city in Turkey, was given the tag “global city” and has been trying to obtain the needed preferences in order to fullfil this difficult duty. This work contains a background and presents reflection of Istanbul. The study will first provide a reflection over the modernization of Republic of Turkey from its former imperial days of Ottoman Period. The postmodern period, in integration with its economical, political and social aspects, will be inspected right after modernization period, and finally, the housing trends in light of these rhetorics will be explained. The final chapter will end with an evaluation of the aforementioned analysis and it will be followed by suggestions. The close relationship between postmodernism and Istanbul’s urban segregation is sought as result. Postmodernism, which has been imposing its rhetorics to the society, is particularly inspected in a comparative way with modernism, so that the contrast in living environments between two periods would be revealed. The superpositions of different profiles with diverse housing typologies in last chapter, grants the study the opportunity to read the uniqe interactions between different social stratifications and their living environment. The approach of the work is emphasizing the ways, in which the consumption habits becoming a vital part of individuals identities and the dwelling type being a representation way of the social strata of its owner. Instead of transforming the space, postmodernism transforms the consumer of the space first. The local and national mechanisms are overcome with tools such as neo-liberalism and globalization, which are rhetorics produced by postmodernism itself. Examining Istanbul in light of modernism and postmodernism reveals important facts in frames of this study. Period of modernism in Turkey favorized the establishment of a modern capital city over Istanbul. The ideological background and important events of this period plays an important role on understanding of the living environments and their integration with the urban sphere in Istanbul. Until the 1980’s the developments prepared the common playground for postmodernism to emerge. The ways, how modernism and postmodernism approached the individuals are vital for being able to grasp the borders of the changes since the dissolution of Ottoman Empire and the establishment of Republic of Turkey until today. The metropolitan area of Istanbul has been occupied intensively by global financial investments upon the 1980’s. Adopting the free market policy has had significant impacts on planning and designing issues within city. Due to this radical reforms the living habits went through a big shift, as well as the ways the living environments were being introduced to the city. Massive rural immigrations, which have been directed towards big metropolis since 1960’s due mechanization of agricultural production, have caused a shortage on housing demands. After the populist modernism period, the authority field of the nation-states among countries started to leave empty gaps, which have been filled with individuality promises of postmodernism. How the housing typologies and the living environments in Istanbul evolved ever since these changes of flows, has been the main occupation of this work, with an increased focus on postmodernism. Although the postmodern Istanbul is segregated and fragmented, this segregation is only then readable, when the spatial organization of postmodernism and its background dynamics are examined in detail. Taking modernism as the trigger, former and contradictional part of postmodernism at the same time, the transformations within habitat of Istanbul are explained through diverse housing typologies dominating the majority among different social stratas. The spatial results of these transformations can be read as a segregated, former, imperial metropol, that is struggling to express its identity deriving from its vast cultural and historical heritage of thousands of years and moreover being the main target the re-organizations imposed by global capital flows throughout business districts and living environments, their architecture.
The transformation of house types in Istanbul in relation to the socio-cultural changes
2005
The house types differentiate at successive social periods. This is the evidence of the transformation in social structures, economic status and the political approaches. In this sense, the diachronic examinations can reveal the interrelation between changing housing types and social formations. The housing reserve and the house ownership relations in Istanbul changed considerably within a century. The population of the city increased. There are a large number of people who need to have houses in proper environmental conditions. For the sake of finding solutions the authorities modify the regulations and try to appropriate the rights into the contemporary conditions. However the contractors' eagerness to earn more results in use of the utmost space. In this way the citizens get the opportunity of owning a house but the spatial quality both in and outside of the houses diminishes. In this paper the diachronic relations between residential buildings and social structures will be evaluated. The housing types built in Kadikoy, one of the districts of the city that holds a significant number of housing settlements will be scrutinized. The purpose of this paper is to argue on differentiating housing types in relation to socio-cultural changes and to scrutinize the coexisting housing types and the resulting plurality pertaining to form in the contemporary city.
Contemporary Housing In Postmodern Istanbul
2011
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011Geçtiğimiz 20 yıl içerisinde kuşkusuz ki Istanbul’da birçok şey köklü değişime uğradı. Küresel sistemin bir parçası haline gelmek, ve bu sistemin ekonomik kalıplarının içerisine girmek, şehrin konut yapısına da belirgin bir biçimde yansımıştır. Türkiye’nin en büyük ve en gündemdeki şehri olarak Istanbul, küresel kent etiketinin kendisine atadığı görevleri yerine getirebilmek için değişmeye başlamış, diğer küresel kentlerin de bağlı olduğu sistemde rekabete iştirak etmiştir. Bu çalışma bir arka plan ve bir bugün söylemi üzerinden Istanbul’u incelerken, önce Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında hayata geçirilen modernleşme ve modernizm dönemini açıklayıp, daha sonrasında postmodern diye adlandırılan dönem içerisinde Istanbul’un bu ana akımlardan nasıl etkilendiğini sorgulamaktadır. Postmodern dönem ekonomik, sosyal ve polit...
Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 2019
Throughout 19th century the Ottoman Empire witnessed significant economic, social and political transformations. The capital city of Istanbul, with a demographically diverse population had its own share of these changes. By the 19th century, Pera, which had gradually begun to be built up from the middle of the 18th century onwards became Istanbul's most cosmopolitan quarter, resembling the western presence in the city. It became a place for the elitist life of foreigners, the notables of the embassies and the non-Muslim minority groups. Around this period a new dwelling type emerged and began to be widely used. These were two to four storey structures, built on narrow frontage lots, each housing only one family. Located on populated roads, these houses didn't offer much outer space. The families moving into these houses probably had to abandon some of their existing living habits to adopt themselves to this new housing type. The Arapoğlu Mansion in Pera was one of these single family houses. It is one of the few buildings in Pera of this typology, which has managed to survive to the present day. After being used as a family residence, it was transformed into a multi-family residential building, and later, into various workshops. This paper aims to introduce the Arapoğlu Mansion as an example to develop an understanding of this typology and to evaluate the domestic life from an architectural perspective, which was formed through the change in lifestyles in the 19th century. Survey drawings of the building, together with written documents describing domestic life in 19th century were employed to investigate how space and social mutually might have affected each other, and, if space actually had an impact in the transforming of social life.