Formulation strategies for the oral delivery of probiotics: a review (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Nanomedicine
Probiotics have demonstrated their high potential to treat and/or prevent various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Probiotics are also effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens and help maintain a balanced gut microbiota ecosystem. Accordingly, the global market of probiotics is growing rapidly, and research efforts to develop probiotics into therapeutic adjuvants are gaining momentum. However, because probiotics are living microorganisms, many biological and biopharmaceutical barriers limit their clinical application. Probiotics may lose their activity in the harsh gastric conditions of the stomach or in the presence of bile salts. Moreover, they easily lose their viability under thermal or oxidative stress during their preparation and storage. Therefore, stable formulations of probiotics are required to overcome the various physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and biological barriers and to maximize their therapeutic effectiveness and clinical applicability. This review provides an overview of the pharmaceutical applications of probiotics and covers recent formulation approaches to optimize the delivery of probiotics with particular emphasis on various dosage forms and formulation technologies.
Emerging Trends of Probiotics in Formulation Development as a Biotherapeutics Agent
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care, 2012
Every being wants to live a healthy life. The increase in the discovery and development of medicines is the provoking demand of mankind to meet with the increasing and spreading illness of the society. Pharmaceutical Sciences have proved its worth to meet with the emerging problems with thorough challenges.The concept of probiosis, prebiosis and symbiosis have been recently emerged and being implemented in pharmaceutics to develop, design and delivery of probiotic drugs which can be administered orally as other medicines with its efficient efficacy and least jeopardy.However with the undergoing trends of its designing and discovery, the emphasis has been focused on to its bimolecular mode of action. The present review work would also emphasize the pros and cons of the probiotic food supplements with the necessity for the invention of preceding probiotic drugs which would rapidly pounce, quell and substitute the use of probiotic foods. The idea of this probiotic drug designing will b...
AAPS PharmSciTech, 2013
Probiotic delivery systems are widely used nutraceutical products for the supplementation of natural intestinal flora. These delivery systems vary greatly in effectiveness to exert health benefits for a patient. Probiotic delivery systems can be categorized into conventional, pharmaceutical formulations, and non-conventional, mainly commercial food-based, products. The degree of health benefits provided by these probiotic formulations varies in their ability to deliver viable, functional bacteria in large enough numbers (effectiveness), to provide protection against the harsh effects of the gastric environment and intestinal bile (in vivo protection), and to survive formulation processes (viability). This review discusses the effectiveness of these probiotic delivery systems to deliver viable functional bacteria focusing on the ability to protect the encapsulated probiotics during formulation process as well as against harsh physiological conditions through formulation enhancements using coatings and polymer enhancements. A brief overview on the health benefits of probiotics, current formulation, patient and legal issues facing probiotic delivery, and possible recommendations for the enhanced delivery of probiotic bacteria are also provided. Newer advanced in vitro analyses that can accurately determine the effectiveness of a probiotic formulation are also discussed with an ideal probiotic delivery system hypothesized through a combination of the two probiotic delivery systems described.
Evaluation of Tablets Containing a Probiotic Strain for an Oral Administration
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5 (2017) 194-206, 2017
The scientific concept of probiotics has been widely accepted throughout the last decades; consequently, its industrial production and commercialization have been increased. This is only the beginning since a recent global probiotic market analysis estimated an annual growth, boosted mainly by a rising request from the Asian and European consumer in the next 5 years. So the pharmaceutical industry needs to develop new dosage forms containing probiotic microorganisms in order to offer consumers a variety of products. Different kinds of matrix tablets with Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT 5711 were designed to protect this strain from the technological process and harsh gastrointestinal conditions up until their arrival in the gut, as well as environmental conditions during their storage. With this aim, various retarding polymers were combined so as to get controlled release tablets. All formulations were evaluated in terms of technological processability, bacterial viability and stability. Finally, an optimal formulation with Methocel ® K-15 M EP, Eudragit L-100 and alginate sodium, which contain Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT 5711, was selected due to the fact that it assured an excellent survival of the microorganisms after their exposition to all conditions mentioned above, besides it will be able to improve human's health.
Different formulation approaches to improve the survivability of probiotics in the digestive tract
Novel Research in Microbiology Journal
This review aimed to present the various approaches that have been used to protect the probiotics from the toxic effects of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) during oral delivery. A microbiota is a collection of trillions of microorganisms that live within the human body and form an ecosystem that is complex, adaptive, and unique to each organ. The probiotics have varied applications and exhibit side effects; as a result, they have been employed as food supplements with both therapeutic and prophylactic effects on disorders of the gastric and nongastric regions. The significant contribution of probiotics to the maintenance of health has expanded the scope of their use in advanced research areas. A significant number of microorganisms will survive and thrive in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT); even after being exposed to several toxic substances such as bile salts and acids. Prevention of probiotics from the harmful effects of gastric acid and other enzymatic barriers, in addition to their delivery to the the intestinal region, has been a great challenge. The new approaches designed for probiotic therapies work on stabilizing the probiotics through several mechanisms; leading to a significant number of probiotics that are available after passing through the various GI barriers, in addition to showing the desired therapeutic and/ or prophylactic effects. A brief critique of the health effects of probiotics, issues associated with their delivery, and the various formulation strategies employed to improve the probiotic transport are provided in the current review.
Recent Approaches in the Development of Encapsulated Delivery Systems for Probiotics
Food Biotechnology, 2011
The concept of probiotics has been well-known for more than a century. The availability and survival of the consumed probiotics in the colon has not been proved convincingly and needs further studies and clarification. It was not known whether the fastidious probiotics could reach the targeted site of action due to gastrointestinal stress. However, probiotics must sustain themselves in high
Development of Product Containing Microencapsulated Probiotics: An Update on Issues
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2013
Intake of PRs, in enough quantity and for stated period, improves health, well-being, and wealth of the consumer 1, 2. Nowadays, their products pushed up for curing illness, and improving health and eudemonia 3, 4. Raised health care cost and alert for personal health, evolution of antibiotics resistance, hope for longer life, lifestyle changes, and self-medication revolutionized their use 1, 5. Superior knowledge and sophistication in technology, and strife overturned their market 2. Research in the area has heading for making them basis for healthy civilization, overcoming disease, improving safety linked to them, and so on 1. Research is underway to develop and assess their strain, and devising and finding industrial application of those strains with stood-out benefits. Besides, research afoot to get various products containing probiotics (PCP) with diverse role in marketplace, which can offer new choice to the demand and need of all types of consumers 6, 7. Their market is expanding systematically, in diverse domains. Further, continuing innovation and rivalry have potency to create novel PCP 3, 4, 8 .
International journal of pharmaceutics, 2009
The probiotic products available in the market nowadays are mostly in the form of liquid or semisolid formulations which show low cell viability after oral administration, mainly because the bacteria do not survive the harsh conditions in the stomach. The development of suitable dry dosage forms enable higher bacterial survival and consequently is the main aim of the present study. An anticipated advantage is that due to the low water-activity lyophilized bacterial cells will preserve their viability. Further, by a proper selection of a tablet forming matrix, it is foreseen that the entrapped bacteria are protected against the low pH in the stomach. In this study, the effects on bacterial survival in tablets were investigated concerning compression force, matrix forming excipients such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) or other swelling agents. The results showed that the proportion of matrix forming excipients in tablets and the compression force affected the prope...
Targeted Delivery of Probiotics: Perspectives on Research and Commercialization
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins
Considering the significance of the gut microbiota on human health, there has been ever-growing research and commercial interest in various aspects of probiotic functional foods and drugs. A probiotic food requires cautious consideration in terms of strain selection, appropriate process and storage conditions, cell viability and functionality, and effective delivery at the targeted site. To address these challenges, several technologies have been explored and some of them have been adopted for industrial applicability. Encapsulation of probiotics has been recognized as an effective way to stabilize them in their dried form. By conferring a physical barrier to protect them from adverse conditions, the encapsulation approach renders direct benefits on stability, delivery, and functionality. Various techniques have been explored to encapsulate probiotics, but it is noteworthy that the encapsulation method itself influences surface morphology, viability, and survivability of probiotics. This review focuses on the need to encapsulate probiotics, trends in various encapsulation techniques, current research and challenges in targeted delivery, the market status of encapsulated probiotics, and future directions. Specific focus has been given on various in vitro methods that have been explored to better understand their delivery and performance.