Broadening the Horizons of the “International” by Historicizing it: Comparative Historical Analysis (original) (raw)

History international relation

What are the lessons of history for the study of international politics? Do international relations scholars twist history? Are historians antiquarians?

Global History and International Relations

Carta Internacional

The Post-Cold War world order fueled discussions in the field of Humanities on theoretical and methodological resources in the very attempt to understand and explain the increasingly multi-polarized and complex international system. While considering the field of History — especially in its attempt to theoretically and methodologically cross borders — and while being active in the field of International Relations, we see possibilities of fruitful encounters between both areas of research, particularly when it comes to recent discussions on what came to be called in the 1990s “global history”. The article initially presents a conceptual definition of global history; then moves on to underpin its claim that History and IR areentangled disciplines that, despite different theoretical points of departure, not only share similar basic assumptions (state-centrism and the Western intellectual framework of thought) but also have been sharing similar intellectual preoccupations. In the third ...

Constructing Historical Realism International Relations as Comparative History

Barry K. Gills (1989) does a fine job showing how much IR theory in fact is based on speculative philosophies of history-it is certainly true, as Philip Abrams argues, that the central problem of social theory is "the ways in which, in time, actions become institutions and institutions are in turn changed by action" (Abrams 1982:2). This is by necessity a historical problematique, whether long-or short-term history. Abrams' argument is deeper than a statement to the effect that social action and processes necessarily occur in time, however. He argues that the relationship between human activity and experience, on the one hand, and social organization, on the other, is continuously constructed in time (ibid:16), and thus that all sociology (and, presumably, social theory in general) by necessity is historical, and that history likewise is sociological.

HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

1962

What are the lessons of history for the study of international politics? Do international relations scholars twist history? Are historians antiquarians?

The Conduct of History in International Relations: Rethinking Philosophy of History in IR Theory

International Theory

IR scholars have made increasingly sophisticated use of historical analysis in the last two decades. To do so, they have appealed to theories or philosophies of history, tacitly or explicitly. However, the plurality of approaches to these theories has gone largely unsystematized. Nor have their implications been compared. Such historical-theoretic orientations concern the "problem of history": the theoretical question of how to make the facts of the past coherently intelligible. We aim to make these assumptions explicit, and to contrast them systematically. In so doing, we show theories of history are necessary: IR-theoretic research unavoidably has tacit or overt historical-theoretic commitments. We locate the field's current historical commitments in a typology, along two axes. Theories of history may be either familiar to the observer or unfamiliar. They may also be linear, having a long-term trajectory, nonlinear, lacking such directionality, or multilinear, proceeding along multiple trajectories. This comparative exercise both excavates the field's sometimes-obscured commitments and shows some IR theorists unexpectedly share commitments, while others unexpectedly do not. We argue that better awareness of historical-theoretic reasoning, embedded in all IR uses and invocations of history, may encourage the discipline become more genuinely plural.

Methodological problems in the reconstruction of international historical systems

GLOBAL 0RDERS AND CIVILIZATIONS Perspectives from History' Phi|osophy and lnternationa] Relations, 2009

Careful and systematic analysis of intemational relations as practical phenomenon has become a must for the contemporary world. The dynamics of interaction among actors of the international realm has become so visibly active, intense and detemining for their own life, that it simply can not be ignored. Intemational relations as an academic endeavor is much more than a fashion, it's the key to understanding the intemational arena and participating in it. The notion of an internatinal system is a useful tool in IR theory, as it serves the purpose of identifying a clear object of study for internationalists. The current system is a product of the modern era, but we argue it is definitely not the first one to exist. International systems are as old as civilization and the challenge of reconstruction defies historians of the discipline. This text aims to contribute to the process of enhancing the historical dimensiion of international relations

Impact of History in International Relations since 1945

The paper is a review of history as a discipline in the study of major events and episodes within the vintage of theoretical advances in international relations since 1945. This is to help understand how issues and and episodes captured in the discipline of history has assisted in time and space to justify the need and use of historical methods and approaches to understand the goals inherent in foreign policies of advanced countries and their impact on international relations. In borrowing from the lessons of history since the early 18th centuries, the fall of European Monarchies and the revolution witnessed across political landscape of western nations has shown that history can repeat itself more often if not learnt. It behooves on practitioners in the study of international relations to adopt the study of history as a major source of developing and interpreting behaviours and actions suggested in their models and instruments of measurement to determine principles of international relations and its effects on world affairs. For instance, attempts to create spheres of influence without free will participation among states have definitely resulted to wars, whereas the adoption of collective security and peaceful co-existence have enabled many states to relate and negotiate their terms of relationship and interest in a manner that would reduce inequalities and threats foisted by their differences and limitations. This is what history has shown as a factor of developing modern diplomacy in the theatre of world politics and interstates relations. The study of history has further shown that alliances and adversities that often resulted to wars among nations with particular reference to international wars (World War I and World War II) had specific import to be situated within the outcomes of states’ interactions and power transitions while engendering the essence and limitations of their diplomacy and importance. It is therefore pertinent to assert that there are streamlined or specific issues, perspectives and approaches that constitute the basis of historical analysis in the study of behaviours and political activities among states and international actors since the late 19th centuries. Agitations surrounding how, what and where International Relations should be treated as a separate discipline from History suffice; whether it is a coordinate (parallel) or scientific (advanced) study of world and diplomatic history; a branch of history or whether it is has no common ground for appreciation and collaboration, which at best shows that it draws its body of knowledge from political science or the social sciences, International Relations would always requires ‘History’ to form a body of knowledge. This is because history would be the first point of sourcing for information needed to examine activities and actions that provided basis for reactions and counteractions in inter-state relations. Furthermore, history would continue to be the source on which experts in international relations can establish and provide the facts needed for processing inputs and deliverables required to understand the causal factors and formulate appropriate determinants. The theories which social sciences particularly Political Science would only provide a proper framework that are needed to build platforms of justification in understanding the discipline of international relations

Book Review: ASHWORTH, Lucian M.; (2014) "A History of International Thought: From the origins of the modern state to academic international relations"; Routledge, London and New York; ISBN: 978-1-408-28292-2 (paper back)

2016

International Relations History has been a much-discussed theme in the discipline of IR. Over time, some discourses have consolidated themselves as the mainstream. However, these narratives have been established on top of feeble ground put forth with the purpose of stabilizing them, what, at the end of the day, only weakens those discourses to a point that they end up not holding any water. Some of those ways of “telling” the history of the field have become so strong that they obscure other ways of viewing things, something that can be detrimental to any academic subject and especially to International Relations. The type of narrative used may have a pressing influence on ontological, epistemological and methodological postures vis-à-vis the field and its object, that is, relations between international actors.