Game-Theoretic Analysis of Cooperation Incentive Strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (original) (raw)
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A Reputation-based Incentive Framework for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2015
In mobile ad hoc networks (MANIT), nodes forward the packet to other with the help of intermediate nodes within the transmission range and as they are expected to cooperate to make the networks reliably. In ad hoc network, node may have limited resources. Due to this, some nodes (selfish node) may not to forward packets to save resources for their own use. To discourage such misbehaviour, we propose reputation-based incentive mechanism to motivate the selfish nodes to cooperate in order to packet forwarding. Incentive will be earned by the intermediate nodes which are responsible for forwarding the packet. In this paper, a cluster head will be used as reputation management of each node in the network. This paper highlights various views of cooperation enforcement mechanism and reliability. We perform an overall analysis of our paper by simulation using the network simulator (NS-2) with the help of AODV protocol.
Core: a collaborative reputation mechanism to enforce node cooperation in mobile ad hoc networks
2001
Abstract. Countermeasures for node misbehavior and selfishness are mandatory requirements in MANET. Selfishness that causes lack of node activity cannot be solved by classical security means that aim at verifying the correctness and integrity of an operation. We suggest a generic mechanism based on reputation to enforce cooperation among the nodes of a MANET to prevent selfish behavior. Each network entity keeps track of other entities' collaboration using a technique called reputation.
The Effect of Direct Interactions on Reputation Based Schemes in Mobile Ad hoc Networks
In multihop networks such as mobile ad hoc networks selfish or misbehaving nodes can degrade network performance. Reputation based models have been developed to enforce cooperation and to discourage node misbehaviour. These schemes detect and isolate selfish nodes and maintain network throughput by enabling nodes to construct paths that only include good nodes. In order to punish selfish nodes and restrict their services, selfish nodes are not provided with packet forwarding services anymore by the good nodes in the network; however they can still gain throughput or utility by interacting directly with the destination nodes. The commonly adopted simulation parameters used by the research community for the evaluation of reputation based schemes in mobile environments usually produces high direct interactions. These direct interactions result in noticeably higher throughput and node utility for the network overall causing confusion: these metrics are increased or decreased due to the direct interactions or due to the reputation based scheme. We implemented the popular CONFIDANT reputation-based scheme to confirm how much throughput is the result of these direct interactions. Our simulation studies show that in the presence of 20% selfish nodes and in a continuous mobile environment, 59% of the evil throughput and 29% of the good throughput was gained through direct interactions among nodes. These direct interactions accordingly affect delay and routing overhead in the network.
6 A Reputation-based Incentive Framework for
2015
Abstract—In mobile ad hoc networks (MANIT), nodes forward the packet to other with the help of intermediate nodes within the transmission range and as they are expected to cooperate to make the networks reliably. In ad hoc network, node may have limited resources. Due to this, some nodes (selfish node) may not to forward packets to save resources for their own use. To discourage such misbehaviour, we propose reputation-based incentive mechanism to motivate the selfish nodes to cooperate in order to packet forwarding. Incentive will be earned by the intermediate nodes which are responsible for forwarding the packet. In this paper, a cluster head will be used as reputation management of each node in the network. This paper highlights various views of cooperation enforcement mechanism and reliability. We perform an overall analysis of our paper by simulation using the network simulator (NS- 2) with the help of AODV protocol.
Counteracting Selfish Nodes Using Reputation Based System in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Electronics, 2022
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of nodes constituting a network of mobile nodes without predefined and pre-established architecture where mobile nodes can communicate without any dedicated access points or base stations. In MANETs, a node may act as a host as well as a router. Nodes in the network can send and receive packets through intermediate nodes. However, the existence of malicious and selfish nodes in MANETs severely degrades network performance. The identification of such nodes in the network and their isolation from the network is a challenging problem. Therefore, in this paper, a simple reputation-based scheme is proposed which uses the consumption and contribution information for selfish node detection and cooperation enforcement. Nodes failing to cooperate are detached from the network to save resources of other nodes with good reputation. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the benchmark scheme in terms of NRL (normalized routing...
SORI: a secure and objective reputation-based incentive scheme for ad-hoc networks
2004
In an ad-hoc network, intermediate nodes on a communication path are expected to forward packets of other nodes so that the mobile nodes can communicate beyond their wireless transmission range. However, because wireless mobile nodes are usually constrained by limited power and computation resources, a selfish node may be unwilling to spend its resources in forwarding packets which are not of its direct interest, even though it expects other nodes to forward its packets to the destination. It has been shown that the presence of such selfish nodes degrades the overall performance of a non-cooperative ad hoc network. To address this problem, we propose a secure and objective reputation-based incentive (SORI) scheme to encourage packet forwarding and discipline selfish behavior. Different from the existing schemes, under our approach, the reputation of a node is quantified by objective measures, and the propagation of reputation is efficiently secured by a one-way-hash-chain-based authentication scheme. Armed with the reputation-based mechanism, we design a punishment scheme to penalize selfish nodes. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can successfully identify selfish nodes and punish them accordingly.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2017
Motivated by the concerns of cooperation security, this work examines selected principles of state-of-the-art reputation systems for multi-hop ad hoc networks and their impact upon optimal strategies for rational nodes. An analytic framework is proposed and used for identification of effective cooperation-enforcement schemes. It is pointed out that optimum rather than high reputation can be expected to be sought by rational nodes.
Studying Node Cooperation in Reputation Based Packet Forwarding Within Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
2017
In the paradigm of mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET), forwarding packets originating from other nodes requires cooperation among nodes. However, as each node may not want to waste its energy, cooperative behavior can not be guaranteed. Therefore, it is necessary to implement some mechanism to avoid selfish behavior and to promote cooperation. In this paper, we propose a simple quid pro quo based reputation system, i.e., nodes that forward gain reputation, but lose more reputation if they do not forward packets from cooperative users (determined based on reputation), and lose less reputation when they chose to not forward packets from non-cooperative users. Under this framework, we model the behavior of users as an evolutionary game and provide conditions that result in cooperative behavior by studying the evolutionary stable states of the proposed game. Numerical analysis is provided to study the resulting equilibria and to illustrate how the proposed model performs compared to traditi...
MODSPIRITE: A Credit Based Solution to Enforce Node Cooperation in an Ad-hoc Network
2011
In an Ad-hoc network, node cooperation is an important factor for successful data transmission among nodes. Most of the routing protocols are based on the assumption that the intermediate node cooperates during data transmission from source node to destination. However, because mobile nodes are constrained by limited energy, bandwidth and computational resources, a node sometimes behaves as selfish to conserve its resources like energy, bandwidth etc. These selfish nodes are unwilling to forward others’ packets. This paper gives a review of existing reputation based and credit based systems and proposes a credit based solution called MODSPIRIT which is a modification of SPIRITE system. MODSPIRITE system detects selfish node using neighbor monitoring mechanism and enforce cooperation among non cooperative node by providing incentives to intermediate nodes. One of the limitations of SPIRITE system is that sender loses too much credit to forward its data to the destination and for futu...