Moving Pictures: Imagining the Past Through Courtly Photographs of British India (original) (raw)

A little boy dressed in silken finery reclines on a takht of velvet coverings, an embroidered cap sitting askew on his head as his dark eyes look searchingly into the camera. Elsewhere, a young prince with formidable whiskers and a cunningly fashioned turban sits upright in an elaborately carved chair, a sword held casually to the floor in one hand, while his gaze wanders into the distance. In a different setting, four noblemen attired in similarly handsome headgear, flank a British officer sitting erect in his elegant uniform; while the others avoid the glare of the lens, one of the noblemen glances furtively into it. All three situations describe photographs of various members of the Indian aristocracy, taken during the British Raj. The images are of interest not just because of their compositional idiosyncrasies or the once-redoubtable standing of their subjects, nor even because of some vague, generalized notion of their historicity. If anything, it is a combination of all three, and more, for these photographs, and hundreds of others like them, are neither simply frivolous souvenirs of their own time and space that have no meaning in a post-modern world, nor are they some bloodless ‘document’ of Indian history whose resonance is confined to that definition alone. What they are is a potent and eloquent connection to a past that is both integral to the South Asian identity, as well as almost alien and inaccessible to it.

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"Picturing Indian kingship: The photographic practices of Maharaja Sayaji Rao III of Baroda"

Visual histories of South Asia, ed. by Annamaria Motrescu-Mayes and Marcus Banks, foreword by Christopher Pinney. New Delhi: Primus Books, 2018

Edited volume summary: This volume is one of the first comprehensive contributions to the rapidly developing cross disciplinary scholarship that connects visual studies with South Asian historiography. The key purpose of the book is to introduce scholars and students of South Asian and Indian history to the first in-depth evaluation of visual research methods as a valid research framework for new historical studies. The volume identifies and evaluates current developments in visual sociology and digital anthropology relevant to the study of contemporary South Asian constructions of personal and national identities. Owing to its wide-ranging theoretical methodology, from concepts of visual perception to media semiotics, Visual Histories of South Asia covers a rich thematic agenda with contributions ranging from ethnographic research to gender studies, fine arts analyses, theoretical and methodological questions, economic structures, international politics and contemporary cultural patterns. In charting the theoretical and historical advances in visual and historical studies dedicated to South Asia, and by addressing issues of private and national memory within regional, national, and contemporary South Asian iconography, from the mid-seventeenth century to the early twenty-first century, and the thirteen contributions selected for this volume are of immediate relevance to visual theorists and historians, sociologists and cultural anthropologists, as well as to students and scholars of South Asian history and culture.

Composing the Spectacle: Colonial Portraiture and and the Coronation Durbars of British India, c.1877-1911

Art History

At the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1880, Val Prinsep’s vast group portrait of British officials and Indian potentates was singled out for virulent criticism because of its apparently aggressive interaction with the surrounding display. One critic claimed that the portrait of the Anglo-Indian crowd at the ‘Imperial Assemblage’ held in Delhi in 1877 ‘suffers terribly from its discordancy with everything in the exhibition, while it ruins the effects of every other picture, not only in the vicinity, but while the glare of its colouring haunts the vitiated eye’. As well as upsetting the visual harmony of the RA, Prinsep’s painting (the result of many tense sittings with recalcitrant Indian royalty) made an uncomfortable political point. It was the demographics of the Raj that seemed to cause offence: the visually disjunctive interaction of the ‘many-tinted actors’ whose portraits comprised the work was said to ‘violate’ artistic ‘laws and ordinances’. A key political reality of empire – cross-cultural interaction – therefore undermined acceptable aesthetic conventions. This paper argues that the disorientating aesthetics of Prinsep’s The Imperial Assemblage held at Delhi was encoded as a crisis of imperial governance, disrupting the sober visual strategies that had emerged in British portraiture to secure social cohesion. Prinsep’s commission – the most prestigious and expansive issued to a painter by a nineteenth-century colonial government – provides a privileged contrapuntal point from which to interrogate the politics of interaction in High Victorian portraiture (frequently overlooked in favour of the swagger portraits of the Georgian and Edwardian eras). The colourful heterogeneity of the Indian rulers’ regal dress stood in marked contrast to the monochromatic palette that dominated Victorian portraits – an aesthetic uniformity that in numerous instances had pictured a fraught parliamentary system in terms of an overarching political stability. There was thus a great amount at stake in portraits interacting in harmonious ways; and yet, within the available framework of colonial aesthetics, the ruling classes of the Raj could not be pictured interacting coherently. Consequently, I argue, there was a sort of aesthetic insurgency at the RA in 1880, as Prinsep’s motley assembly registered as an unruly visual assault.

The Photographic Portrait in The British Raj: A Study of the Representation of the Begums of Bhopal

A study of the portraits of the Begums of Bhopal, Sikander Begum (r. 1860-1868) and Shah Jahan Begum (r. 1868-1901) taken by Lieutenant James Waterhouse and later by the photographic firm Bourne and Shepherd. This paper looks at the circulation of these portraits and the how their meaning was transformed through their placement and audience. The photographs are examined through the themes of race, gender and status in order to show how native rulers could exert influence and identity while also co-operating with British rule.

Photography in Colonial and Postcolonial India as an Agent of Cultural Dominance

2009

This research paper explores the use of photography in colonial India. The thesis of the paper is that British photographers, through their choice of subjects and editing of their works, created a romanticized image of India as the British wished to see it. More recent photography has focused on the reality of the lives of the Indian people. Thus photography has moved from from functioning as an agent of colonial domination and political propaganda to a tool used to bring aid and compassion to those in need. Photography in India 4 Introduction Photography has been propagated as a tool that conveys reality. It represents the signified – the thing that has been photographed. In order for the subject to be represented in a photograph, it must have physically been in front of the lens. That very quality attributed to photography led to its use as a tool by colonial Britain to exert control over its established colonies. This paper discusses the use of photography in India as an agent of...

Aesthetic Bodies: Posing on Sites of Violence in India, c.1857-1900

History of Photography, 2015

This paper looks at how aesthetic concerns affected imperial relations during the 1857 Indian Uprising and its aftermath. The invention of photography inaugurated a period in which aesthetic imperatives increasingly came to structure the engagement of colonial bodies with the traumas of warfare in British India. The formal conventions of image-making practices were not consigned to a discreet virtual sphere; they were channeled into the contested terrains of the subcontinent through the poses that figures were striking for the camera. I trace how one pictorial convention – picturesque staffage – engendered politically and psychologically disruptive tableaus on the contested terrains of empire, as colonial photographers arranged for Indian figures to pose on landscapes that were marked by disturbing wartime violence.

Notes on historiography of photographs from India

History Compass, 2023

Despite its long and layered histories, critical analyses of photography in India began rather late and remain comparatively limited in number. However, the burgeoining scholarship in the field illuminates photography's role in conditioning modern South Asian experiences, while also highlighting the global character of the medium that complicate the unmarked history of photography. Three intertwined historiographical threads are influential in narrating the colonial Indian camera cultures. The first thread emphasized descriptive histories, the second thread debated cultural essentialism, while the third thread inquired into myriad photographic genres to rethink colonialism. An inquiry into these three threads helps reflect on the intellectual scope of photographs from colonial India, while also directing to future archival and analytical possibilities.

Insurgent Citizenship: Photographs of War and Peace in British India

AbstractDOI This article focuses on the deployment of the camera during a moment of acute political crisis in nineteenth-century India, when both the significance and the scope of British power were highly unstable, arguing that photography’s unique formal features enabled colonials to picture a precarious imperial sovereignty as a viable mode of political administration. The ability of photography to objectify and “other" colonized populations has been well documented, but the efficacy of imperialism as a mode of imperial governance was as much a function of imagining shared political horizons as it was about constructing divisive racial hierarchies. The levelling aesthetic of photography—its capacity to draw heterogeneous peoples into what Christopher Pinney has termed a “common epistemological space”—meant that it could serve as a visual register for the elusive connective tissue of imperial subjecthood, effectively reifying a useful political abstraction. Yet, as much as British sovereign authority could be embodied by this visual logic, British identity could simultaneously be dissolved by the homogenizing grammar of the medium. Looking in particular at the palliative, diplomatic role played by the photographic portraiture of Dr John Nicholas Tresidder in the immediate aftermath of the Indian Rebellion (1857–59), this article assesses how photography engaged with warfare’s social upheavals in complex, richly textured and unpredictable ways.

TRACING THE POLITICS BEHIND THE CAMERA IN INDIA: A Bird's Eye View —Derivations of form and context from each other(1850s-present)

Tracing the politics of the camera in India, from it's very arrival under the nose of the colonial power in 1859 to the present day of collectives and pop up workshops, is what this article intrinsically aims to do. Focusing more on form and context, instead of content, through access into the life worlds of photographers (professionals and amateurs) over time, questions of representation, reproduction, reality-construction, censorship, changing modes of power/patronage are thrown light upon as the 'instrument' has changed hands through the course of the century.

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