Difficult Knowledge(s) and the False Religion(s) of Schooling (original) (raw)

2019, The Journal of Educational Foundations

This analytic essay builds on recent work examining the ways religiosity in U.S. education is manifest in the particular discourses that come to shape popular understandings of the possible in and through schooling. The authors analyze the function of four concepts, in light of recent constructions of religions and their relative positioning as 'true' or 'false,' in order to make a larger point about the ways in which religious understandings of difficult knowledge (Pitt & Britzman, 2003), falsehood, truth, and risk underline that which is im/possible in the U.S. educational project. Building from an "exorbitant moment" (Gallop, 2002) in a Catholic school, and putting it in conversation with recent discourses about ISIS/ISIL, Christianity, and the possibility of a true (and thus, false) religion, the work argues that ultimately schooling, averse to the risk of falsehood, continues to posit a single road to what is true and who has access to truth. This orientation, the authors suggest, is especially manifest in the ongoing moment of educational reform.

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Editorial: Religion, Education, and the Challenges of Contemporary Societies

CEPS Journal, 2019

Religions have had, and still have, a critical role in shaping the world in which we live. As an ideology, they play a vital role in shaping world politics. In recent decades, we have been witnessing a kind of revival of religion and its re-entry into the public sphere. The context of modern globalisation in tandem with various political, economic, and ecological crises makes Western societies increasingly susceptible to influxes of heterogeneous groups of migrants, who bring with them cultural and religious traditions that are often markedly different from those of the majority of the local populations. The contrast between historically established religious practices and relatively newly established religions , combined with power struggles over the new public role of religion in some countries (especially evident in post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe), is giving rise to complex social challenges, some of which are also manifested in the field of public education. The present issue of CEPS Journal systematically addresses these challenges. The growing pluralisation of European societies is bringing forth some old questions and opening up new dilemmas. The changing circumstances are probably not eroding the foundations of the modern public school laid during the Enlightenment period; the public school's commitment to secularity and neutrality (while also allowing for private schools with religious or other kinds of worldview affiliation) continues to remain at the core of its purpose in the 21 st century. However, some social developments and conflicts of the recent past are undoubtedly opening, repeating and/or worsening a number of difficult questions about the practical application of foundational democratic principles in specific social contexts of individual societies and nation-states. The old, fundamental question of the presence of religion-related content in school curricula has long been morphed into much more than the simple question of confessional religious instruction (as in catechesis) in public schools. When we discuss religion-related content in the public school today, we also-if not mostly-talk about the different forms of non-confessional education about religion(s). In the contemporary European context, which is marred by growing Islamophobia and the related growth of intolerant and radically exclusionist political (and other) extremisms, the need for a systematic critical introduction of pupils to the complex social and cultural phenomenon that is religion (with all its diversity in today's world) is particularly evident.

Religion and Education: Framing and Mapping a Field

Brill Research Perspectives in Religion and Education

This publication makes the case for ‘religion and education’ as a distinct, but cross-disciplinary, field of inquiry. To begin with, consideration is given to the changing dynamic between ‘religion and education’ historically, and the differing understandings of religious education within it. Next, ‘religion and education’ is examined from methodologically specific perspectives, namely the philosophical, historical and sociological. The authors outline the particular insights to be gleaned about ‘religion and education’ on the basis of their commitment to these methodological standpoints. Overall, this publication is concerned with demonstrating the scope of the field, and the importance of having a range of disciplinary, and interdisciplinary, perspectives informing it.

Religion and Education: Holding the Tension

What is the most fruitful way of relating religion and education in the school curriculum – one that holds a tension and does not allow the enterprise to collapse into an exclusively ‘religious’ activity bent on formation in a particular faith, or into an ‘educational’ one whose desired outcomes are solely competency based and measurable?

One nation under God? Religion and the politics of education in a post-9/11 America

Educational Policy, 2004

For American public schools, the interplay between religion and public policy has been rather volatile, thanks to both state and federal constitutions mandating an ever shifting degree of separation between church and state, yet permitting free religious expression. Some of the most intense political disputes in the past 40 years have involved educational issues such as the teaching of evolution or intelligent design within public schools, publicly funded vouchers for attendance at religious institutions, state-sanctioned prayer within public schools, and the rise of sexuality education. This article seeks to map some of the contemporary features involved with religion and the politics of U.S. education by focusing on (a) recent court decisions, (b) the policy agendas of the current Bush administration, and (c) curricular issues. The article closes by focusing on a few of the larger issues relating to religion and education in a highly pluralistic and religiously fluid society.

Christianity and its legacy in education

Journal of Curriculum Studies, 2011

Much of the discussion regarding religion and schooling in the US has been limited to ideological clashes surrounding the role of the courts and, ostensibly, the much litigated issue of prayer in schools. This comes at the expense of an examination of deeper curricular issues rooted in language and school mechanisms borne of historical consequences. The authors seek to reframe the discussion of religion and schooling arguing that to suggest that the removal of explicit prayerfulness equates to the cleansing of US public education of its religious character is facile and ahistorical. They suggest, instead, that religion remains in the language, practices, and routines of schooling but also in conceptions of the “child” and assumptions about the role of schools emanating from such conceptions. Evoking the notion of pentimento, the piece seeks to elucidate the Judeo-Christian character of schooling in the US as a way of reimagining discussions regarding the relationship between religion and/as curriculum. The piece concludes with a discussion of the implications of such an examination for curriculum studies and teacher education.

Religion, worldviews and the reappearing problems of pedagogy

Religion and Worldviews: The Triumph of the Secular in Religious Education, 2022

Proponents of ‘Religion and Worldviews Education’ claim it heralds a new paradigm shift in religious education – necessary to make the subject relevant to the contemporary world. Yet to date relatively little engagement has been made to relate these proposals to a body of theoretical and empirical inquiry about religious education pedagogy stretching back to the 1960s. Major figures in the development of religious education as we know it, such as Michael Grimmitt, Judith Everington, Robert Jackson, Andrew Wright, Clive Erriker and others, identified and attempted to resolve several issues in the development of pedagogical models suitable for pupils of all faiths and those of none. The principal problematic for all these thinkers was how to reconcile what they saw as the claims of religions on the one hand, and the aims of secular education on the other. Related to this central tension, they identified and set out to tackle a series of issues such as: ‘How can young people learn from religion if they do not believe in it?’; ‘How can the reification of religious traditions be avoided?’; and ‘How can teachers deal with conflicting truth claims in the classroom?’ In this chapter, these questions are applied to ‘Religion and Worldviews Education’. This critical analysis suggests that rather than solving problems of religious education pedagogy, the proposed new paradigm is a fait accompli that offers little in the way of new solutions to them. It is argued that changing the name or legal status of the curriculum subject to ‘Religion and Worldview Education’ offers no significant new insight but potentially puts the coherence and integrity of the subject at risk.

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