The Process of Bordering at the Late Fifteenth-Century Hungarian-Ottoman Frontier (original) (raw)
Related papers
Academia Letters, 2021
In February 1473, Georg Heimburg, the former chancellor of the Heretic King of Bohemia, George Podiebrad, branded both Matthias Corvinus and his father, John Hunyadi, as traitors of the Cross: […] der Ungarische kunig ist gut Turck als sein vater was, do er den Turck liesse Constantinople zwingen […] ("the Hungarian king is a good Turk alike his father, for he allowed the Turk to take Constantinople").[1] The first fifteen years of Matthias' reign had shed reasonable doubts on the Ottoman dealings of the son the late athlete of Christendom.[2] In the last decade of Matthias' rule, Ottoman-Hungarian relations were largely bound to a series of two year truces, repeatedly extended.[3] According to them, no conflict between up to either 300 or 400 men on each side was to be considered a break of the truce. Such mutually agreed coordinates rightfully pinned the image of a "Wild East".[4] The last Ottoman-Hungarian truce prior to Mohács was concluded in spring 1519.[5] The duration of a truce was usually two (under Matthias) or three years (under the Jagiellonians).[6] The first of the post-1456 truces was apparently concluded in 1460 (if not, certainly in spring 1468).[7] In the 1400s (prior to 1495, 1498 and most importantly 1503),[8] the provisions of the truces are largely unknown (except for an Ottoman draft, from 1483-1484/ 1487-1488)[9]. According to Sigmund von Dietrichstein's Croatian sources (June 10, 1519) a raiding party of 300 Turks did not constitute a break of the truce.[10] At any rate, the most vivid accounts date from the last years of Matthias' rule. […] Lo oratore del Turcho anchora se ritrova a Buda presso la Maesta del Re, e venne cum circha ventecinque cavalli, che e mancho assai de quello che intese a Segne [Senj/ Segna],
East European History Review, 2022
A few years after the Long Turkish War began, Sigismund Báthory, ruler of the Transylvania, decided to join the Habsburgs and the other members of the Holly League in their war against the Ottomans. Through this political decision Báthory ceased to be a vassal of the Turkish sultan, interrupting thus several decades of good relations between his country and the Porte. Although Transylvania was a rather small state, with limited military and economic potential, Prince Sigismund had great ambitions. He was able to attract the rulers of Moldavia and Wallachia on his side and attacked the Ottoman Empire on three fronts. In this article I will analyse the military operations on the frontier of Transylvania with the Ottoman province (eyalet) of Timișoara (Temeşvar). The various forms of regular and irregular warfare employed by the two opponents show the complexity of this confrontation. Major campaigns and sieges, which involved large numbers of combatants, were accompanied by frequent raids and skirmishes, typical for border warfare. These events also reveal the specific social and economic dynamic of frontiers in early modern Central and South-Eastern Europe.
Article from: Türkenkriege und Adelskultur in Ostmitteleuropa vom 16.-18. Jahrhundert (Studia Jagellonica Lipsiensia, Band 14, GWZO, Universität Leipzig) / Born, Robert ; Jagodzinski, Sabine (eds.). - Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag , 2014. 87-104 (ISBN: 978-3-7995-8414-2). Summary: In the 16th and partly in the 17th century, the Croatian and Slavonian nobility often threatened the Habsburgs with surrender to the Ottomans, especially in times of fierce combats. Other social strata, the peasants and the military, even voluntarily changed sides and accepted the jurisdiction of a more amenable overlord in their attempt to survive. Their interactions with the Ottomans therefore cannot be characterised as merely confrontational. Actually, conditioned by an attempt to avoid devastation and annihilation, the opposing sides were engaged in various types of rather complex interactions and thus challenged the paradigm of antemurale Christianitatis. This paper addressed two main issues. Firstly: were the threats of surrender to the Ottomans a plausible political option in the Croatian-Slavonian Kingdom? Secondly, the question as to whether the Ottomans can be seen as the principal adversaries of the Croatians and Slavonians during the early modern period, the archenemy of Christianity. Paper scrutinised everyday practices of interactions with the Ottomans at the Military Border as well as forms of negotiations of different representatives with the Ottomans.
Povijesni Prilozi, 2022
The paper discusses the backgrounds and careers of several lesser-known officials who occupied various positions along the Hungarian-Ottoman frontier during the reign of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (r. 1458-1490). By examining their biographies and their place within the ruling elite of Corvinus's Hungary, the study moreover elucidates how changes in King Matthias's authority in the borderlands were reflected in the changes in his personnel policies, showing that the king gradually gained more control over his southern lands through a growing network of loyal retainers. The latter, moreover, successfully replaced the vestiges of older regimes-whose representatives often stood in opposition to royal politics-thus allowing the introduction of greater royal control.
Eastern European History Review, 2022
EASTERN EUROPEAN HISTORY REVIEW: LA RIVISTA Il Comitato redazionale e scienti co è lieto di presentare al pubblico la rivista scienti ca Eastern European History Review. Con un carattere internazionale e interdisciplinare, una cadenza annuale e una fruibilità open access la rivista focalizza i propri interessi sulle dinamiche occorse nell'Europa Orientale durante tutta l'età moderna (XIV-XIX). Eastern European History Review è espressione del Centro Studi dell'Università della Tuscia CESPoM (Centro Studi sull'età dei Sobieski e della Polonia Moderna) nato nel per intuizione del Prof. Gaetano Platania, Direttore Emerito della Rivista. L'iniziativa editoriale che presentiamo nasce dall'evidente mancanza in Italia di una rivista scienti ca relativa alla storia dell'Europa centro-orientale in Età Moderna, nonostante la penisola abbia giocato un ruolo fondamentale per la Storia e la Cultura di una parte integrante del continente, a torto considerata come lontana e periferica. Consapevoli di questo, il Comitato ha posto quale obiettivo primario della Eastern European History Review quello di off rire uno spazio di ri essione e di discussione su temi che appartengono alla storia dell'Europa centro-orientale, e insieme alle relazioni-politiche e culturali-che questa vasta area del Vecchio Continente ha avuto con l'occidente d'Europa, e l'Italia in particolare, incoraggiando il dialogo tra studiosi e esperti di settore, e tra diff erenti approcci della ricerca scienti ca. Il Comitato Redazionale e Scienti co EASTERN EUROPEAN HISTORY REVIEW: THE JOURNAL e Editorial and Scienti c Board are proud delighted to present the Eastern European History Review under the aegis of Sette Città Editore. e Eastern European History Review is an international and interdisciplinary annually online and open access peer-reviewed journal about studies on Ceantral and Eastern Europe in the Modern Age (XIV-XIX). e Journal is also the expression of the Study Center CESPoM (Centro Studi sull'età dei Sobieski e della Polonia Moderna-Center Study on the Age of Sobieski and Modern Poland) of the University of Tuscia, born in , from an idea of Prof. Gaetano Platania, today Director Emeritus of this journal. It publishes articles with signi cant approaches and original interpretations in all research elds concerning Central and Eastern Europe, with speci c attention to the History sciences. e editorial initiative we present comes from the obvious lack of a journal, in Italy, concerning the history of Central and Eastern Europe during the Modern Age, this despite its fundamental role in the history and culture of that part of the continent, wrongly considered distant and peripheral. Quite the contrary is true, in fact. Main objective of the journal is to create a space for re ection and discussion on topics pertaining to Central and Eastern Europe, but also relations with Continental Europe, encouraging dialogue between scholars and experts in the eld, and between diff erent approaches of scienti c research.
Beyond the Ottoman Empire : 14th-16th century Hungarian diplomacy in the East
Universitas Szegediensis de Attila József Nominata eBooks, 1978
rancsics and the Georgians. A plan to liberate Hungary-with Russian, Mingrelian and Circassian help. The Mingrelian monarch Dadiani and Verancsics Í6Ö NOTES 172 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Verancsics, Zay and Busbeoq in Asia Minor. The representative of the Fuggersand his archeologioal interest. An eoounter with Hungarian prisoners. The Anoyra inscription: the greatest aroheologioal discovery of the 16th century NOTES CHAPTER FIFTEEN Who found Emperor Augustus's testament? On Jdnos Belsey, the secretary of the embassy, who deciphered and copied the stone table, and was granted nobility for his scholarly achievements NOTES CHAPTER SIXTEEN-The envoys of Ferdinand I in Persia and Georgia. Georgians and Circassians in Istvdn Bdthori's plans against the Turks. T.he efforts of Cumuleo, the Papal nuncio, to create an alliance involving Transylvania, Persia, Georgia, the Circassians and the Tatars ..... NOTES CHAPTER SEVENTEEN The antecedents of the anti-Ottoman alliance between Prince Zsigmond Bdthori of Transylvania, and King Simon I of Georgia. Talks in Madrid, King Simon's letter on the alliance. Sew Georgian and Persian missions to Emperor Rudolf. The failure of the alliance between Zsigmond Bdthori and the Khan of the Crimean Tatars NOTES CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Istvdn Kakas, a Hungarian diplomat at the end of the 16th century. His visit to Queen Elizabeth of England. Changing masters: from the service of the Bdthoris to the service of Emperor Rudolf. His journey to Per-• sia, his death in Lahidjan. His work is finished by hie secretary. His encounter with King Alexander II of Georgia NOTES. .
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Professor Moačanin, the Doyen of Ottoman Studies in Croatia 3. Ottoman Bosnia, Turkish Croatia, and Turkey in Europe 3.1. Michael Ursinus, Serving King and Sultan: Pavao Grgurić and his Role on the Hungaro-Ottoman Frontier in Southern Bosnia, c. 1463-1477 3.2. Géza Dávid, The Sancakbegi̇s of Pozsega (Požega, Pojega) in the 16th Century 3.3. Fazileta Hafizović, Nahiyes of the Sandjak of Pakrac: The Unknown Nahiye of Kontovac 3.4. Kornelija Jurin Starčević, Settlement of Lika and Three Ottoman Nahiyes: Novi, Medak and Bilaj Barlete in the 16th Century . 3.5. Hatice Oruç, Ocaklık Timar in the Sanjak of Smederevo 3.6. Machiel Kiel, Margariti/Margaliç: Emergence, Development and Downfall of a Muslim Town at the Edge of the Islamic World (Greek Epirus) 3.7. Vjeran Kursar, Monks in Kaftans. Bosnian Franciscans, Robes of Honour, and Ottoman Sumptuary Laws 3.8. Anđelko Vlašić and Okan Büyüktapu, Hasan Esîrî’s Mi’yârü’d-Düvel ve Misbârü’l-Milel as a Source for the History of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.9. Ekrem Čaušević, Fra Mate Mikić-Kostrčanac and the Turkish Language: Manuscripts, Copyists, and the Transfer of Knowledge in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century 3.10. Slobodan Ilić, ʿAbd al-Majīd b. Firishte (d. 1459/60) and the Early Turkish Reading of Ḥurūfī Corpus Canonicum 3.11. Claudia Römer, The Annular Eclipse of the Sun of 7 September 1820 – a Report in Tārīḫ-i Cevdet 3.12. Tatjana Paić Vukić, Presenting the Ottoman Heritage: An Exhibition of Islamic Manuscripts in Zagreb 4. Distant Borders and Regions 4.1. Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont, Amœnitates Tauridicæ: La Crimée ou la douceur de vivre selon Evliyâ Çelebî 4.2. Linda Darling, Resource Extraction in a Newly Conquered Province: Ottoman Syria in the Mid-Sixteenth Century 4.3. Mahmoud Yazbak, Penetration of Urban Capital into the Palestinian Countryside: The Beginnings, Jaffa in the 1830s 5. Glimpses Beyond the Ottoman Border: Habsburg Croatia and the Republic of Dubrovnik 5.1 Borislav Grgin, The Ottoman-Croatian Border at the End of the Middle Ages 5.2. Vesna Miović, From Tears to Poison: Ragusan Dealings with the Enemies from the Ottoman Neighbourhood 5.3. Zrinka Blažević, Inter spem et desperationem: Diplomatic Emotions of the Habsburg Envoys at the Ottoman Court (1553–1557) 5.4. Hrvoje Petrić, On the Economic History of Zagreb in the 17th Century 5.5. Nataša Štefanec, Arms Race on the Habsburg-Ottoman Border in the 16th Century: Arsenals, Small Firearms, Artillery and Ammunition on the Croatian and Slavonian Military Border 6. Bibliography of Professor Nenad Moačanin https://openbooks.ffzg.unizg.hr/index.php/FFpress/catalog/book/131
Territorial Identity and Development, 2021
The last decades have witnessed an increased interest in the research of territorial delimitations in late medieval and early modern Europe. A significant part of the academic debate has been focused on identifying and defining the process of transition from medieval frontiers, perceived as vague areas of contact, to modern linear borders. The aim of this article is to analyse the organisation of the western confines of the Transylvanian Principality duri ng the decades in which this state was formed, from the Ottoman conquest of Buda (1541) until the ratification of the Speyer Peace Treaty (1571). Throughout this period, the territorial delimitation of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and Habsburg Hungary was an ongoing process, marked by both military confrontations and diplomatic negotiations. Through a critical reassessment of the most relevant Romanian and Hungarian literature on this complex subject and the analysis of new data from official and narrative contemporary sources, I have tried to identify which were the most important political and military events that shaped the western borderlands of Transylvania. A fundamental objective of my research is to provide an accurate definition for the western region of the Transylvanian Principality, contributing thus to the general debate on the nature of frontiers/borders in sixteenth century Europe.