Sleep and Memory Consolidation (original) (raw)
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We sleep less than ever before. 1 Occupational stress, familial commitments and an increasing number of distractions make it difficult for us to get the traditional eight hours of sleep. Many success stories about people sleeping only a few hours a day pressure us to think that we need to sleep less in order to be successful. Consequently, sleep deprivation has become such a common phenomenon that some people do not even realize their exhaustion. However, demanding schedules for doctors persist and trainees are forced to ...
eLS, 2014
Current behavioural evidence indicates that sleep plays a central role in memory consolidation. Neural events during post-learning sleep share key features with both early and late stages of memory consolidation. For example, recent studies have shown neuronal changes during post-learning sleep which reflect early synaptic changes associated with consolidation, including activation of shared intracellular pathways and modifications of synaptic strength. Sleep may also play a role in later stages of consolidation involving propagation of memory traces throughout the brain. However, to date the precise molecular and physiological aspects of sleep required for this process remain unknown. The behavioural effects of sleep may be mediated by the large-scale, global changes in neuronal activity, synchrony and intracellular communication that accompany this vigilance state, or by synapse-specific 'replay' of activity patterns associated with prior learning.
Physiological Reviews, 2013
Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and memory” research by providing a historical perspective on concepts and a discussion of more recent key findings. Whereas initial theories posed a passive role for sleep enhancing memories by protecting them from interfering stimuli, current theories highlight an active role for sleep in which memories undergo a process of system consolidation during sleep. Whereas older research concentrated on the role of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, recent work has revealed the importance of slow-wave sleep (SWS) for memory consolidation and also enlightened some of the underlying electrophysiological, neurochemical, and genetic mechanisms, as well as developmental aspects in these processes. Specifically, newer findings characterize sleep as a brain state optimizing memory consolidation, in opposition to the waking bra...
Sleep And Memory Processing: A Solid Relationship
2011
The correlation between sleep and memory consolidation has recently drawn lot of attention and among these debates the link between the emotional memory and sleep, is of special note. Sleep is shown to importantly contribute to processes of memory. Sleep-dependent memory processing provides in the stabilization, enhancement, and consolidation of a wide range of memory types including declarative (explicit) and non declarative (implicit).These specific types of memory would be consolidated during sleep, associated with specific sleep stage. In reviewed studies, a broad range of perceptual and motor procedural tasks were shown to be improved in performance after sleep. Overnight improvement on a procedural task correlates with SWS and Sleep spindles are reported to be associated with improvement of motor sequence task. Sleep enhances declarative memory for emotional words and pictures. Emotions can also enhance memory consolidation. In many of reports, psychiatric disorders such as de...
Neuron, 2004
will be covered: (1) early work in this area-a brief history; (2) some important general considerations on this topic; (3) REM sleep deprivation studies in animals; (4) cognitive capacities of humans with greatly suppressed We discuss several lines of evidence refuting the hypothesis that procedural or declarative memories are or absent REM sleep; (5) recent human studies on procedural memory and sleep; (6) the "replay" of patterns of processed/consolidated in sleep. One of the strongest arguments against a role for sleep in declarative mem-neural activity of waking in subsequent sleep in animals; (7) "other factors" that dispute a role for sleep in memory ory involves the demonstration that the marked suppression or elimination of REM sleep in subjects on processing; and (8) a proposed function for sleep. antidepressant drugs or with brainstem lesions produces no detrimental effects on cognition. Procedural A Revisiting of This Issue memory, like declarative memory, undergoes a slow, Although possibly not recognized outside of the sleep time-dependent period of consolidation. A process field, the role of sleep in memory processing is not a has recently been described wherein performance on new issue, but is one that was thoroughly examined in some procedural tasks improves with the mere pasthe 1960s to 1970s. There was a wealth of research in sage of time and has been termed "enhancement." animals, and to a lesser extent in humans, devoted to Some studies, but not others, have reported that the this topic (for review, see McGrath and Cohen, 1978; consolidation/enhancement of perceptual and motor Horne and McGrath, 1984; Smith, 1985; Horne, 1988). skills is dependent on sleep. We suggest that consoli-Current interest represents a second wave. Most of the dation or enhancement, initiated in waking with task early work in this area in both animals and humans acquisition, could in some instances extend to sleep, examined the effects of REM sleep deprivation on prebut sleep would serve no unique role in these proviously learned material. As later discussed in detail, the cesses. In sum, there is no compelling evidence to results of numerous studies on this subject, involving support a relationship between sleep and memory various manipulations across species, were divided. consolidation. There were as many reports that failed to describe a link between sleep and memory as there were those that claimed such a relationship (Horne and McGrath, Born, J., and Gais, S. (2000). REM sleep deprivation: The wrong paradigm leading to wrong conclusions. Behav. Brain Sci. 23, analogous to processes shown for declarative memo-912-913. ries. Consolidation (as stabilization) begins with task Brashers-Krug, T., Shadmehr, R., and Bizzi, E. (1996). Consolidation initiation, and unless disrupted by competing events, in human motor memory. Nature 382, 252-255.
The role of sleep in declarative memory consolidation: passive, permissive, active or none?
Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2006
Those inclined to relish in scientific controversy will not be disappointed by the literature on the effects of sleep on memory. Opinions abound. Yet refinements in the experimental study of these complex processes of sleep and memory are bringing this fascinating relationship into sharper focus. A longstanding position contends that sleep passively protects memories by temporarily sheltering them from interference, thus providing precious little benefit for memory. But recent evidence is unmasking a more substantial and long-lasting benefit of sleep for declarative memories. Although the precise causal mechanisms within sleep that result in memory consolidation remain elusive, recent evidence leads us to conclude that unique neurobiological processes within sleep actively enhance declarative memories.
Is the role of sleep in memory consolidation overrated?
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2022
Substantial empirical evidence suggests that sleep benefits the consolidation and reorganization of learned information. Consequently, the concept of "sleep-dependent memory consolidation" is now widely accepted by the scientific community, in addition to influencing public perceptions regarding the functions of sleep. There are, however, numerous studies that have presented findings inconsistent with the sleep-memory hypothesis. Here, we challenge the notion of "sleep-dependency" by summarizing evidence for effective memory consolidation independent of sleep. Plasticity mechanisms thought to mediate or facilitate consolidation during sleep (e.g., neuronal replay, reactivation, slow oscillations, neurochemical milieu) also operate during non-sleep states, particularly quiet wakefulness, thus allowing for the stabilization of new memories. We propose that it is not sleep per se, but the engagement of plasticity mechanisms, active during both sleep and (at least some) waking states, that constitutes the critical factor determining memory formation. Thus, rather than playing a "critical" role, sleep falls along a continuum of behavioral states that vary in their effectiveness to support memory consolidation at the neural and behavioral level.
Sleep-dependent memory consolidation in patients with sleep disorders
Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2013
Declarative and non-declarative information Sleep-dependent consolidation Chronic sleep disorders Altered sleep Encoding and recall deficits s u m m a r y Sleep can improve the off-line memory consolidation of new items of declarative and non-declarative information in healthy subjects, whereas acute sleep loss, as well as sleep restriction and fragmentation, impair consolidation. This suggests that, by modifying the amount and/or architecture of sleep, chronic sleep disorders may also lead to a lower gain in off-line consolidation, which in turn may be responsible for the varying levels of impaired performance at memory tasks usually observed in sleepdisordered patients.
SPEECH AND LANGUAGE 2019 7th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Speech and Language, Belgrade, 01-02 November, 2019
Sleep is universal physiological necessity whose precise mechanisms and function(s) are still unknown (Huber R, 2004; Donlea JM, 2018). The most known attempt to describe its role by Allan Hobson “Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain” (Hobson A, 2005) is slowly but inevitably extended by “…and for the organism”. On the basis of electroencephalographic and electromyographic activity sleep is defined as the approx 8 hour cyclic successive alteration of Non REM (or Quiet Sleep) and REM sleep (or Active Sleep) (Rechafen & Kales, 1968). Duration, sleep quality and harmonic alteration of Non REM and REM sleep play essential role in memory consolidation which is consequently of paramount importance for the new vocabulary learning (Batterink LJ, 2017), motor skills learning (Cipolli C, 2005) and learning process in general. Non REM and REM sleep have specific physiology both on neurophysiological and molecular level (Kryger M, 2017) that drive restorative processes of the cardiovascular (Zoccoli G, 2001; Silvani A, 2003; Bojić T, 2014), respiratory (Harper RM, 2017), immune (Opp MR, 2017) and endocrine system (Van Cauter E, 2017) all the way to the genetic restorative processes (Fuller PM, 2019). Thus, healthy sleep contributes to healthy functioning of organism and assures higher abilities like mental attention, mindfulness, insightfulness (Wagner 2004), creative (constructive), focused/unscattered and vivacious oral communication and social high quality self-regulation and cooperation. In the era of information revolution where the only limitations are the individual’s cognitive and memory capacities, the importance of healthy sleep regime must be recognized and taken as a priority with respect to short term benefits of stress-driven learning coupled with sleep deprivation. Consequently, sleep deprivation, a novel phenomenon of 24/7 society is becoming a notable circumstance of the general human psychophysical health.