Retinopathy of Prematurity: Incidence and Risk Factor: A Hospital Based Study (original) (raw)
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Screening for retinopathy of prematurity in neonates
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vaso-proliferative disorder of the retina among preterm infants. Neonates born at less than 32 weeks of gestation are at risk of developing ROP. However preterm infants born at 32 weeks or later can also develop severe ROP if they had turbulent NICU course or required prolonged oxygen therapy. Aims of the study were to determine incidence, risk factors of ROP in neonates and to determine the association of birth weight, gestational age and incidence of ROP. Methods: Prospective analytic study done in indoor patients in neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary care center from June 2015 to May 2016. Results: Overall incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm neonates is 18.4%. Incidence increases with decreasing gestational age. In preterm <28 weeks of gestational age, incidence of ROP is 35%. Incidence also increases with decreasing birth weight. Incidence of ROP in neonates with birth weight less than 1.25kg is 50%. Risk factors include prematurity, oxygen therapy, septicemia, intraventricular hemorrhage, anemia needing blood transfusion. Most patients of ROP have stage-1 disease (76%). The twenty one cases having ROP underwent laser ablative therapy. Earlier detection by screening leads to early intervention and prevention of blindness. Conclusions: The timely retinal screening of high-risk preterm infants is important to prevent the development of advanced ROP. Since ROP may produce serious sequel up to complete blindness, all efforts must be made to prevent the development of advanced ROP through elimination of preterm births, changes in the neonatal care and improvement in detection of threatening ROP markers.
Retinopathy of prematurity: Risk factors and associated co-morbidities
PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2022
over 18 months. Various risk factors and co-morbidities for ROP were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Out of the studied 164 infants, 29 infants (17.68%) developed ROP in one or both eyes; 51.72% (15/29) had stage 1, 31.03% (9/29) had stage 2, 10.35 % (3/29) had stage 3, and 6.90% (2/29) babies had aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP). On univariate analysis, we observed a significant association between ROP and gestational age, low birth weight, multiple gestations, mechanical ventilation, history and duration of oxygen supplementation, history of blood transfusion, respiratory distress syndrome, apnea and sepsis. However, after multivariate analysis, only low birth weight, oxygen therapy, respiratory distress syndrome and apnea were found to have a significant association with ROP. Conclusion: A prevalence of 17.68% emphasises the importance of neonatal screening in this region. Low birth weight, oxygen therapy, apnea, respiratory distress syndrome pose significant risk factors for ROP. Supplemental oxygen should be weaned off as early as possible, This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
Background: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial vasoproliferative retinal disorder that increases in incidence with gestational age. ROP is a vascular retinal disease that can cause low vision or blindness. ROP is a common blinding disease in children which is becoming increasingly prevalent in the developing world. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its association with risk factors such as low birth weight, gestational age, oxygen therapy, respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis among premature infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all infants admitted to the NICU between July 2017 and July 2019, who met the criteria for ROP screening: (a) ≤32 weeks of gestation, (b) ≤1.500 kg of birth weight, (c) infants with significant risk factors including sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, or long-term oxygen use. Treatment was offered to infants with Stage III ROP disease or Stage II in Zone II with plus disease. Qualified infants were treated with argon laser photocoagulation within 48 h of diagnosis. Results : A total of 233 neonates who met the criteria were screened for ROP. Incidence of ROP was found to be 35.62% among the babies screened (n=83) majority of whom had stage 1 ROP (83.13%). Maximum incidence was seen in neonates of gestational age between 32-35 weeks (54.22%) and neonates of birth weight between 0.750 and 1.500 kg (85.54%). Other prevalent risk factors for development of ROP include Respiratory Distress Syndrome (59%) and Oxygen therapy (65%). Four neonates were found with plus disease and six neonates required laser treatment. Conclusion: The present study reflects the problem of ROP in a tertiary care centre. Prematurity, Low Birth Weight (LBW), high oxygen supplementation, respiratory distress syndrome were found to be independent risk factors in the development of ROP in neonates. Because of advancements in neonatal intensive care in developing countries and higher survival rate of premature infants, the incidence of ROP has increased. Unrecognized and untreated ROP will cause potential blindness in children. Hence, to prevent the adverse visual outcome and possible blindness; timely screening, recognition, and treatment of ROP is essential.
Retinopathy of Prematurity and Associated Factors
International Ophthalmology Clinics, 1999
Background: Screening and early treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is important to reduce visual impairment in at risk infants. Aim: To determine the frequency and risk factors associated with ROP in preterm infants in Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of preterm infants with gestational age (GA) less than 32 weeks conducted from November 2011 to May 2014. The infants' eyes were examined using an indirect ophthalmoscope at 4-6 weeks of life or at 34 weeks post-conceptual age. Examinations were repeated weekly until regression or progression to a high risk pre-threshold disease. Staging was according to the revised International Classification for ROP and treatment criteria were as defined by the Early Treatment for ROP study. The GA, birth weight (BW), use of oxygen, presence of respiratory distress syndrome and other risk factors were recorded and tested for significance. Results: Twelve (15%) of the 80 infants examined had any ROP and six (7.5%) had treatable ROP. The mean (SD) GA and BW for infants with ROP were both lower than for those without ROP; 28.2 (1.7) weeks vs 29.1 (1.6) weeks and 1124 (212) g vs 1251 (274) g for GA and BW, respectively. Risk factors such as supplemental oxygen, sepsis, respiratory distress and anaemia were not significantly associated with ROP. Conclusion: The frequency of ROP and treatable ROP was high; it is therefore recommended that routine care of preterm infants should include screening for ROP and that affordable treatment facilities should be provided in public hospitals.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Journal, 2022
Objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease that affects premature infants.The purpose of the study is to identify various maternal and fetal risk factors for ROP and to categorize the premature babies according to severity of disease and associated risk factors. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on 100 infants from May 2021 to August 2021. Examination was done by a single ophthalmologist specialized to screen the babies. It was done 4 weeks after the birth and Detailed history included the birthweight, gestational age, the postnatal problems, obstetric history were obtained. Pupillary dilatation was done with a mixture of 2.5% phenylephrine and 1% tropicamide.0.5% proparacaine is used for topical anesthesia. An infantile lid speculum was used to separate the lids. Fundus was examined with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and +20D condensing lens. Results: Prematurity and low birth weight are the most common and important risk factors. Most of the babies had symmetrical disease (88%) and zone 3 is most commonly involved (67%).Apart from prematurity and low birthweight, respiratory distress syndrome with oxygen supplementation was common association (56%).Various maternal risk factors were found to be common associations like pre eclampsia (33%) and gestational diabetes (22%). Conclusion: ROP is associated with several maternal and fetal risk factors. Early detection by screening of the premature babies can prevent blinding complication. Inadvertent and generous oxygen administration must be stopped due to its high association with ROP. All the premature babies must be screened 4 weeks after gestation for the earliest detection of the disease with an ophthalmologist specialized in that field with regular followups and prompt intervention as soon as the disease is identified.
Retinopathy of Prematurity, A Hospital based Study
Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina among premature infants. It is an important cause of preventable blindness in children. Recent advances in neonatal care in the last decade have improved the survival rates of premature infants, consequently the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity has increased in parallel. The objective of the present study was to identify the risk factors associated with development of ROP in preterm neonates. Material and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted on all preterm neonates admitted in the neonatology section of Government Medical College Srinagar who fulfilled the criteria for ROP screening. Results: A total of 150 preterm neonates were screened, out of which 32 had ROP of different stages. 7 babies were detected with stage 3 ROP and needed laser therapy. Risk factors associated with ROP were studied Conclusion: Our study revealed 21.3% incidence of ROP. Prematurity, low birth weight and oxygen therapy were found to be strong predictors of ROP. Sepsis,blood transfusion and apnea were found to be statistically significant factors associated with ROP.
Retinopathy of Prematurity: Prevalence, risk factors and co- morbidities
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of retinal vasculature, characterized mainly by abnormal development of retinal vasculature and is an important and preventable cause of childhood blindness 1. It usually affects premature babies who are exposed to certain risk factors like : low gestational age, low birth weight and prolonged exposure to supplementary oxygen after delivery 2 to which it is found to be associated with. Recent advancements in neonatal care have led to an increase in the survival of low birth weight and premature infants 3 , resulting in a rise of ROP incidence 4,5. This research aims to find out various risk factors and associated comorbidities with ROP.
Retinopathy of prematurity in infants with late retinal examination
Journal of Ophthalmic & …, 2009
Purpose: To report the incidence, severity and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants with late ROP examination in Farabi Eye Hospital. Methods: In a retrospective study from January 2001 to July 2007, hospital records of premature infants who were examined later than 9 weeks after birth were reviewed to determine the incidence, severity and possible risk factors of ROP including gender, singleton or multiple gestations, gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), oxygen therapy, blood transfusion, phototherapy, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), mechanical ventilation, intraventricular hemorrhage and sepsis as well as age at initial examination. Results: Out of a total of 797 infants referred for ROP screening during the study period, 216 (27.1%) had late examinations at a mean age of 141.7±150.4 (range 64-1,460) days. Of these, 87 (40.3%) had different stages of ROP, 65 (30.1%) had stage 4 or 5 disease including 34 (16.2%) infants with stage 5 ROP in both eyes which was untreatable. Lower GA (P<0.001), RDS (P=0.041) and blood transfusion (P=0.009) were associated with the development of ROP. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of ROP and the incidence of severe ROP in particular, were unacceptably high in premature infants with late screening. These findings necessitate interventions to optimize timely referral for screening of premature infants.
Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care, 2021
Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity is a disorder of developing retina. The survival rate of preterm infants increased due to advance neonatal care, with a consequent increase in retinopathy of prematurity cases. The aim of our study was to access the incidence of ROP and its risk factors and outcome those who needed treatment. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of preterm infant born in tertiary intensive care unit was conducted from January 2017 to October 2020. 203 newborns were included based on the following criteria, Gestational Age (GA) at birth of ≤ 35 weeks, birth weight of ≤ 2000 gm and babies with GA>35 weeks and BW>2000 if the treating Paediatrician recommended ROP screening due to stormy course in NICU. Data were review to determine the incidence and risk factors of ROP. Neonates were followed up until diseases resolution or until treatment criteria were achieved. Results: Two hundred three babies were enrolled for the study. There were 125 (62.1%) males and 77 (37.9%) females. ROP was seen in 41 babies giving an incidence of 20.2%. About half of cases had stage 1 ROP (51.2%) followed by stage 2 (24.4%), APROP (22%) and stage 3 (2.4%). No case of stage 4 and stage 5 ROP were detected. 7 out of 41 ROP cases were type 1 disease with incidence of 3.4%, and received treatment. A significant association was noted between ROP and PDA, sepsis, PVL, BPD, RDS, Postnatal steroids, oxygen therapy blood transfusion, TPN (P<0.05). No significant association was found for PIH, Preeclampsia, GDM, receiving antenatal steroids, IVH, multiple gestations, SGA, NEC, invasive and noninvasive respiratory support need. Conclusion: This study found incidence of any stage of ROP was 20.2% and incidence of type 1 disease was 3.4%. A significant association was noted between ROP and PDA, sepsis, PVL, BPD, RDS, Postnatal steroids, oxygen therapy blood transfusion, TPN.