A 1-Bit 10×10 Reconfigurable Reflectarray (original) (raw)
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JOURNAL OF HIGH-FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
The frequency reconfigurable reflectarray (RRA) reported in this paper provides a pencil beam at three frequencies captivating the need for satellite broadcast television at uplink and downlink frequencies in Ku band and X band. To achieve such frequency reconfiguration, a unit cell developed and simulated based on an infinite array approach is used in integration with four PIN diodes to produce a reflection phase variation of 525°, 415°, and 308° at 14.34 GHz for uplink operation, 12.2 GHz for downlink and 11.9 GHz for X-band performance respectively. In this proposed unit cell, the phase variation for uplink is achieved by varying the size of concentric loops, while in the case of downlink and X-band, reconfiguration controlled by pin diodes is achieved by varying the length of the delay line. With the periodicity of 0.49λ0 (10.5 mm), a 15 15 array with 225 elements is constructed using the designed unit cell on square planar geometry. The paper reports a maximum gain of 25.77 dBi...
1-Bit Wideband Reconfigurable Reflectarray Design in Ku-Band
IEEE Access, 2021
In this paper, a 1-bit wideband electronically reconfigurable reflectarray (RRA) in Ku-band is proposed. In order to achieve the wideband and reconfigurable characteristics, the stacked microstrip structure and a 1-bit ''microstrip line-slot line-microstrip line'' phase shifter (MSMPS) were introduced in this design. A novel ''receiving-phase shift-transmitting'' unit cell was gotten by connecting two stacked microstrip structures using MSMPS. Due to the receiving and transmitting parts are perpendicular to each other, the polarization rotation characteristic was demonstrated. To avoid the blockage of the feed horn, it was placed above the reflecting surface array with an offset angle of 25 • to the normal direction. A 16 × 16 obliquely-fed RRA was designed and fabricated. The measured 1-dB gain bandwidth of the RRA is 15.4%. The measured results show that the fabricated prototype can achieve beam scanning from −20 • to 50 • in the elevation plane, and ±50 • beam scanning in the azimuth plane.
Design of dual-reflectarray antenna for beam scanning
2010 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2010
This paper describes an architecture for a Ku-band antenna based on a dual flat reflectarray configuration that provides electronic beam scanning within a 13 degree angular range. The antenna configuration presents the simplicity of being implemented with two flat reflectarrays, it provides a compact optics and it can be easily folded and deployed. The main reflectarray emulates a parabolic reflector and the beam scanning is achieved by introducing a phase-control into the elements of the sub-reflectarray. These elements are based on two stacked printed patches aperture-coupled to delay lines, which can be constructed using MEMS switches to provide electronic beam scanning.
Recent advances in beam-scanning reflectarray antennas
2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS), 2014
A review of the recent advances in beam-scanning reflectarray antennas is presented in this paper. First, an overview of the two different methodologies for designing beam-scanning reflectarray antennas, namely aperture phase tuning and feed tuning techniques, is presented, and the advantages and limitations of both approaches are delineated. Next, recent developments in feed-tuned beam-scanning reflectarray antennas such as multifocal and partially illuminated apertures are reviewed and some numerical and experimental results are presented and compared. In comparison with other alternatives such as phase-tuned reflectarrays or phased array antennas, these passive beamscanning reflectarrays are low cost and less complex, which makes them suitable choices for the new generation of high-gain beam-scanning antennas.
Dual-Layer Beamscanning Reflectarray Antenna Operating at Ku-Band
JOURNAL OF HIGH-FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
This paper presents a beam scanning electronically reconfigurable reflectarray configuration for Ku-band applications using a single varactor diode. A 15×15 center-fed reconfigurable reflectarray antenna is designed consisting of 225 octagonal shaped unit cells. The proposed tunable element has a unit cell size of 9.8 mm, developed on a 1.575 mm thick Taconic TLY-5 substrate. A single varactor diode is integrated with the tunable element to produce a reflection phase variation of 340° at 14.1 GHz. In this work, both the varactor and biasing circuit are placed beneath the substrate to avoid unexpected reflections, which leads to achieving a pencil beam of 8.1° beamwidth. The simulation results of the reconfigurable reflectarray antenna (RRA) shows good beam-scanning radiation performance of scanning range ±30° and a peak gain of 27.6 dBi. This structure provides a convenient solution for Ku-band distinctive applications like uplink operation in the direct broadcast satellite system, ...
Design and Simulation of a Reflectarray Antenna using New Cell for Different Beam Angles
International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing, 2016
In this paper a new cell is proposed for reflectarray antenna and is used to design the antenna to obtain to maximum gain and efficiency using phase synthesis in a frequency band of 11 GHz up to 11.7 GHz for different beam angles. The proposed cell is a double ring of hexagon which introduces multiple resonances which can provide more than 360 degrees phase variation by changing the loop size. Design method is based on phase-only algorithm where amplitude of the field on the reflectarray surface is forced by the feed. A 1.2 m reflectarray is designed for different beam directions. The results show maximum directivity of 42 dB and maximum efficiency of 73% for the required bandwidth. Focal length is 1.5 m which is set for maximum efficiency.
Design of a Reconfigurable Reflectarray Unit Cell for Wide Angle Beam-Steering Radar Applications
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2013
A reconfigurable aperture-coupled reflectarray element is proposed for the realization of beam steering antennas, suitable for radar applications. Each reflectarray element is coupled to a microstrip line, which is loaded by a single varactor diode acting as a phase shifter element, thus providing a continuously variable reflection phase. A reduced size reflectarray unit cell is properly designed in order to extend the antenna beam scanning capabilities within a wide angular region, but avoiding the occurrence of undesired grating lobes. The radiating structure is properly optimized to obtain a full phase tuning range at the frequency of 11.5 GHz, thus assuring a good agility and accuracy in the reconfiguration of the reflectarray radiation pattern.
Multi-state frequency switchable reflectarray antenna design
2013 IEEE International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), 2013
Most of the space applications require high gain beam scanning antennas. Reflector antennas are the most common type of antennas used for these applications. This work provides a novel design of planar reflector to be used in reflectarray antenna design with multi-state frequency switchable characteristics. Different configurations of slot embedded resonant patch elements have been proposed and multiple PIN diodes have been used in ON and OFF states to obtain frequency switching at different points. The design has been demonstrated to be operating in X-band frequency range where frequency tunability from 9.63 GHz to 8.10 GHz has been demonstrated using combination of rectangular slots and PIN diodes. Moreover the design provides 2 n different states of diode switching (n is number of diodes) which can be used to obtain different resonant frequencies of planar reflectors. The frequency tunability and loss characteristics have been investigated which are affected by the electric field intensity and surface current density on the resonant patch elements of planar reflectors.
Digitized Reconfigurable Metal Reflectarray Surfaces for Millimeter-Wave Beam-Engineering
Applied Sciences, 2021
Digitized beam-forming metal reflectarray antennas are designed for the millimeter-wave region. The phase control of antennas has been implemented by the reconfiguration of rectangular grooves on a metal plate. The antenna has 1147 elements arranged in an aluminum metal plate. The depths of all metal grooves are manipulated for designed phase control of high-gain beam-aimed reflectors. We have demonstrated a digitized reconfigurable metal reflectarray to steer a re-radiated millimeter-wave field from the reflector in a two-dimensional scanning plane from −20∘ to 20∘. The far-field patterns show that the measured gain of the 2-bit reflectarray is only 1 dB lower than that of a non-digitized reflectarray antenna. The measured peak gain is higher than 31.7 dB, and the measurements show that the gain of the full 40∘ scanned beam is 31.7 dB and well-defined scanned beams are obtained with a maximum scan gain loss of 0.2 dB. The proposed reconfigurable antennas can be a useful candidate f...
Design and Development of Frequency Agile Reflectarray Antenna
JOURNAL OF HIGH-FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
This paper presents the design of a frequency reconfigurable reflectarray with concentric circular rings. The PIN diode connected between a phase delay line and the ring produces reconfigured resonances at 16 GHz and 10.4 GHz. The variation in the size of the concentric rings offer a phase change of 356º during the OFF state of the PIN diode. 360° phase variation in the PIN ON condition is achieved by varying the delay line length. A 225-element centre-fed reflectarray antenna is constructed with square geometry. A simulated gain of 23 dBi is obtained with -17 dB side lobe level and -28 dB cross-polarization level at 16 GHz. In the PIN ON condition, a simulated gain of 22 dBi is obtained with -12 dB side lobe level and -28 dB cross polarization level. This reconfigurable reflectarray finds its applications in space research, satellite communication, and RADAR.