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2017
This chapter surveys the history of the Church of England between the Hanoverian succession and the American Revolution. The religio-political questions that bedevilled the English nation during the 1530s remained live ones during the eighteenth century. What sort of Church should the Church of England be? What should the relation of Church to state be? What should constitute the Church’s doctrinal orthodoxy? Whom should the Church comprehend? What were the bounds of toleration? These questions had not been solved at the Glorious Revolution, so that the story of the eighteenth-century Church of England is the concluding chapter in the story of England’s long Reformation. What ultimately brought that particular story to a close was not Enlightenment secularism but the changes catalysed by war and the fear of relapse into seventeenth-century-like religious violence.
Bunyan Studies: The Journal of Reformation and Nonconformist Culture, Issue 26, pp. 110-116., 2022
In recent years there has been a reinvigorated impetus amongst academics to explore the histories and legacies of pre-modern religious Dissent. The first, and ironically the most recent, of the now complete five volumes of The Oxford History of Protestant Dissenting Traditions is a significant stride in this important scholarly intervention. Though such a subject can seem 'bewildering in its complexity' (2), Coffey's finely structured introduction guides readers through the heady maze of denominational 'starting point[s]' and 'turning points' (2). Coffey is to be commended for the clarity, and sensitivity, with which he depicts the roots and branches of sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Dissent in Britain and beyond. In doing so, Coffey elucidates how Dissenters were not at the margins of society, but much 'closer to the centre of the action', whereby their history belongs, and rightly so, 'to the mainstream' of early modern religious historiography (16). Divided into four parts, the twenty-one essays emphasise, to varying degrees, the diffusion and migration of ideas that came to define or defy religious Nonconformity in the pre-modern transatlantic and continental Anglophone world. Part I examines the denominational 'Traditions within England'. Polly Ha discusses Presbyterianism, 'rigorously principled as it was practical', as it developed from the Elizabethan to the early Stuart period (44). Ha's research sheds light beyond the well-trodden narrative of Presbyterians wishing simply to 'complete Protestant reform in England' (41), revealing instead how the origins of that reform were 'neither Presbyterian nor even Puritan-specific' (42). Ha signals the intersectional 'overlap and movement' between early Puritanism and Presbyterianism, whilst being careful not to draw a 'fixed line' between
Beyond Comprehension: Church of England 1611-1738
At the beginning of the ‘Puritan’ seventeenth century English monarchs were reluctant to make concessions to those who expected further church reform. Consequently, their objective was to ensure at least outward conformity to the faith and practice of the English church. In this way some of the older church traditions were reintroduced. However uniformity proved to be a vain hope as opinions hardened and resistance mounted first to the monarchy and episcopacy, and later to Parliament and Cromwellian autocracy. Following the Restoration further attempts to enforce conformity were no more successful, and it was recognised that indulgence had become essential. Embryonic denominations and political parties with roots in the Civil Wars and Protectorate (1639-60) had formed independently. Meanwhile within the national church, there were grass root streams dedicated to renewal. Significant contributions were made by deeply spiritual Anglicans. At least some of them were open to the experiential, experimental and expressive religion of seventeenth century Continental Pietism. In succeeding centuries this stream became increasingly influential among evangelical Anglicans.
The Development of Anglicanism from 1500 to 1800
Write a short essay on the origins and development of Anglicanism from its first century to the 18 th century, with special references to the most important events and persons involved in its development.
This article sets the wide-ranging controversy over the doctrine of the Trinity that erupted in late seventeenth-century England firmly within the political context of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689. Against a voluminous historiography that confines the trinitarian controversy within the apolitical narrative of an incipient English enlightenment, this article considers the controversy as part of the broader political crisis that befell church and state in the final years of the century. The trinitarian controversy must be understood not simply as a doctrinal dispute but as a disciplinary crisis: a far-reaching debate over not only the content of orthodoxy but also the constitutional apportionment of responsibilities for its enforcement. As such, the controversy featured interventions from an unprecedented array of public authorities-Crown, Parliament, university, episcopate, and convocation-all claiming the preeminent custody of orthodoxy in an institutional landscape profoundly unsettled by revolutionary upheaval. This institutional dimension, long ignored by historians and theologians, placed the trinitarian controversy at the heart of civil and ecclesiastical politics during the reign of William and Mary. Indeed, the trinitarian controversy may be considered the defining event in church politics in the postrevolutionary era, exercising a prevailing influence on the content of Anglican ecclesiastical partisanship for much of the early eighteenth century. While recognizing the importance of these disputes to the emergence of an English enlightenment, this article insists that the trinitarian controversy is equally indispensable for understanding the rage of political parties in postrevolutionary England.