"The Implication of Bottled Water in our Environment" (original) (raw)
Related papers
The global risks of increasing reliance on bottled water
Nature Sustainabiliy, 2018
The rapid growth of bottled water use in low- and middle-income countries, and its normalization as a daily source of drinking water, does not provide a pathway to universal access. Generous and sustained investment in centralized and community utilities remains the most viable means for achieving safe water access for all. SharedIt link to full paper in Nature Sustainability: https://rdcu.be/234K
Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of inorganic and organic substances as well as microbial contaminants in bottled drinking water on a global scale. The findings were compared to WHO guidelines, EPA standards, European Union (EU) directive, and standards drafted by International Bottled Water Association (IBWA). Our review showed that 46% of studies focused on the organic contaminants, 25% on physicochemical parameters, 12% on trace elements, 7% on the microbial quality, and 10% on microplastics (MPs) and radionuclides elements. Overall, from the 54 studies focusing on organic contaminants (OCs) compounds, 11% of studies had higher OCs concentrations than the standard permissible limit. According to the obtained results from this review, several OCs, inorganic contaminants (IOCs), including CHCl 3 , CHBrCl 2 , DEHP, benzene, styrene, Ba, As, Hg, pb, Ag, F, NO 3 , and SO 4 in bottled drinking water of some countries were higher than the international guidelines values that may cause risks for human health in a long period of time. Furthermore, some problematic contaminants with known or unknown health effects such as EDCs, DBP, AA, MPs, and some radionuclides (40 K and 222 Rn) lack maximum permissible values in bottled drinking water as stipulated by international guidelines. The risk index (HI) for OCs and IOCs (CHBrCl 2 , Ba, As, and Hg) was higher than 1 in adults and children, and the value of HI for CHCl 3 in children was more than 1. Thus, further studies are required to have a better understanding of all contaminants levels in bottled drinking water.
International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy, 2020
This paper examines the public perception of the externality effects of sachet and plastic bottled water consumption in Benin City and Okada. The methodology applied to source for data involved both the qualitative and quantitative analysis, through the use of questionnaires with well-structured questions and informal personal interviews. 320 respondents were then selected from the four local government areas of Oredo, Egor, Ikpoba-Okha and Ovia North East that make up Benin City and Okada. The results of the study as indicated by majority of the various respondents revealed the absence of tap water supply. The wastes from sachet and plastic bottles constitute danger to our environment by blocking the water ways and hindering the draining system, depositing debris in the affected rivers, thereby creating negative externalities to our environment. The study also showed that the perennial flooding in Benin City and Okada could be associated with indiscriminate disposal of empty sachets and plastic bottles. The study recommends the following; local government authorities should try to provide waste bins in every street and these should be managed and monitored by their authorized agents. Private firms that are involved in sachet and plastic bottled water production should be encouraged to establish recycling plants that can recycle plastic wastes into other useful materials in line with renewable energy mandate. Government should properly enforce the laws against indiscriminate disposal of wastes, where offenders are punished in order to maintain proper disposal of wastes in Benin City and the entire states of the Federation. Contribution/Originality: This study contributes in the existing literature on environment climate change action on the SDGs. The paper's primary contribution is finding that wastes from sachet and plastic bottles constitute danger to our environment by blocking the water ways and hindering the draining system, depositing debris in the affected rivers.
E3S Web of Conferences
Drinking water is a strategically important natural resource. At the same time, its resource is unevenly distributed over the territory of Russia. One way to redistribute drinking water resources is to bottle and then deliver it to scarce regions. The study’s objectives are to identify gaps in the system of drinking water resource management in Russia. Particular attention is paid to the management of the quality of bottled water. The study showed that despite the strategic importance of drinking water for citizens' health, its quality is not managed at the systemic level. Bottled water is food, and, accordingly, its quality should be standardized for food safety. However, quality regulation is carried out non-systemically and fragmentarily. The identified problems also include the problem of identifying waters and the fight against counterfeit products. The methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative method, statistical data were used.
Bottled Water Quality Investigation: 10 Major Brands, 38 Pollutants
2008
The bottled water industry promotes an image of purity, but comprehensive testing by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) reveals a surprising array of chemical contaminants in every bottled water brand analyzed, including toxic byproducts of chlorination in Walmart’s Sam’s Choice and Giant Supermarket's Acadia brands, at levels no different than routinely found in tap water. Several Sam's Choice samples purchased in California exceeded legal limits for bottled water contaminants in that state. Cancer-causing contaminants in bottled water purchased in 5 states (North Carolina, California, Virginia, Delaware and Maryland) and the District of Columbia substantially exceeded the voluntary standards established by the bottled water industry.
Health Promotion Perspectives
Background: The main objective of this study was to investigate the logics behind tendencies towards bottled drinking water usage in spite of availability of treated tap water. The amount of waste bottle is also estimated in Iran and managing principles for resolving the issue presented. Methods: A questionnaire was used to survey the logics behind tendencies toward bottled drinking water consumption among 120 participants. In order to estimate the quantities of the PET wastes produced in the country, data about bottled water production rate as well as volume of the imported and exported drinking bottled water were collected from 1962 to 2015 and applied in the calculations. Results: Findings suggested that about 0.026 to 3.86 billion liters (about 1.04 billion literson average) of bottled water was consumed annually between 2000 and 2015. Furthermore, bottled water consumption increased from 0.41 to 48.9 L/capita-year within the same time period. In the meantime, the plastic bottle...
Book Review: Plastic Water: The Social and Material Life of Bottled Water (Hawkins et. al.)
Bottled water's rapid rise as a disposable consumer object has been accompanied by a similarly swift mobilisation of diverse voices of opposition. Few commercial products of the new millennium have become so emblematic of the environmental and social consequences of free market expansion into everyday life. Since early critiques of bottled water were first mobilised in the late 1990s by NGOS such as the Polaris Institute, exposés of the industry now abound across research, NGOs, media, and even state policy. As the authors of Plastic Water note in their opening chapter, the bottled water industry has served as a focal point for a wide array of actors expressing concerns including the environmental impacts of the petrochemical industry, the commoditisation and privatisation of water, and the social and labour relations implicated in a product with a seemingly excessive markup. It is therefore easy to approach another book on bottled water with apprehension, expecting forgone conclusions and well-rehearsed moral indignation. However, Plastic Water expertly identifies and addresses some limitations of prior research and in doing so posits some new and frankly far more interesting questions.
Comparative Quality Analysis between Tap Water and Bottled Water
ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY
Recently, bottled water consumption has been increasing significantly, even when the quality of tap water is considered excellent, which contributes to plastic pollution. Besides, reducing the use of plastic generally is recommended world widely, as its consumption is in an alarming rate. Therefore, this study aims to compare the tap and bottled water and manifest the reasons behind choosing the bottled water, which is less comfortable and often more expensive over the tap water. In this study, samples have been taken from both bottled and tap water in Koya city from November 2020 to May 2021 to test their quality using PH, DO, EC, and TDS meter, hardness was determined by complexometric titration method at 21°C, and XRF spectrometers. According to the quality standards, most of the variables were in a permissible range, except for dissolved oxygen and Aluminum content in both types of water and TDS for two types of bottled water. However, the quality of tap water was much safer to ...