GBP-WAHSN: A Group-Based Protocol for Large Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (original) (raw)

A REVIEW & COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN AD HOC NETWORKS

An ad-hoc network works on a frameless network in which collection of devices are supplied to wireless links via communication interfaces. Wireless sensor network is a type of wireless ad hoc network where sensors nodes are geographically distributed each having self-governing feature and that can be used for monitoring the physical conditions in a network then the gathered information report back to the destination. In this paper, different routing strategies have been classified according to their routing paths such as reactive, proactive and hybrid protocols. This paper examines various routing protocols covering their functionality along with their advantages and disadvantages and also present the performance comparison among these protocols is analyses.

Chapter IX Routing Protocols for Ad-Hoc Networks

2008

Ad-hoc networks have been the focus of research interest in wireless networks since 1990. Nodes in an ad-hoc network can connect to each other dynamically in an arbitrary manner. The dynamic features of ad-hoc networks demand a new set of routing protocols that are different from the routing schemes used in traditional wired networks. A wide range of routing protocols has been proposed to overcome the limitations of wired routing protocols. This chapter outlines the working mechanisms of state-ofthe-art ad-hoc routing protocols. These protocols are evaluated by comparing their functionalities and characteristics. Related research challenges are also discussed.

Routing protocols in Ad-hoc Networks- A Simulation Study

IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, 2013

An ad-hoc network is a temporary network without any form of centralized administration. Multiple hops might be necessary to reach other nodes in the network. For this reason, each node acts both as a router and a host, meaning that every node must be willing to forward packets for other nodes. For this reason a routing protocol is needed.

Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols in Ad-hoc Networks

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2014

An ad hoc wireless network consists of a set of hosts (mobile nodes) which are connected together by wireless links. The nodes can communicate with each other using different routing protocols. The routing protocols perform well when the nodes are stationary but degrade drastically when the nodes are mobile. A variety of routing protocols have been proposed for ad hoc networks in the past. Based on update mechanisms, they are classified into reactive, proactive and hybrid routing protocols. The performance of these protocols varies depending on the simulation environment. Many researchers have been working in this direction to evaluate the performance of these protocols in different simulation environments. The simulations can be done on Qualnet, NS2, and Omnet++ etc. The main aim of this project is to explore this fact and compare the performance of three different protocols-AODV, STAR and ZRP which constitutes a good combination of on-demand (reactive), tabledriven (proactive) and hybrid protocols respectively. It is taken into account that these protocols are the best protocols in their respective domains due to their low overhead. The performance of these protocols will be analyzed by keeping the nodes static, dynamic and then semi dynamic. The pause time of each node is varied so as to depict a real world scenario in case of semi dynamic. The evaluation is done by considering the performance metrics-throughput, jitter, average end to end delay and packet delivery ratio. The simulator used is Qualnet 7.1.

Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Wireless mobile ad-hoc networks are characterized as networks without any physical connections. In these networks there is no fixed topology due to the mobility of nodes, interference, mulitpath propagation and path loss. Hence a dynamic routing protocol is needed for these networks to function properly. Many Routing protocols have been developed for accomplishing this task. The purpose of this master thesis is to study, understand, analyze and discuss two mobile ad-hoc routing protocols DSDV and AODV where the first one is a proactive protocol depending on routing tables which are maintained at each node. The other one is a reactive protocol, which find a route to a destination on demand, whenever communication is needed. Considering the bandwidth, throughput and packet loss, in both DSDV and AODV routing protocols, DSDV is best suited for only smaller networks and AODV is suited for general Ad-hoc networks.

A SURVEY OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS AD-HOC NETWORK

This paper focus on the study of Wireless Ad Hoc networks and its routing protocols, As we know this is an emerging field which places lot of contribution in networking field.. In Ad Hoc networks nodes are moving from one place to another place, within this network any node can join the network and can leave the network at any time. An ad-hoc routing protocol is a convention, that controls how nodes decide which way to route packets between computing devices in wireless ad hoc network. In ad-hoc networks, nodes are not familiar with the topology of their networks. Instead, they have to discover it. In this paper we concentrate on two types of wireless Ad-hoc networks namely Mobile Ad-hoc Network and Wireless Sensor Network.

Routing Protocols for Multi-hop Ad Hoc Networks: Operational Challenges and Design Optimizations

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

Multi-hop Ad Hoc Networks are self-organizing networks characterized by dynamically changing topology due to node mobility and time varying characteristics of the wireless channel. Routing is a crucial issue in these networks. Several routing protocols have been proposed which fall into either of these categories: proactive, reactive or hybrid routing protocols. Proactive protocols have the advantage of less route establishment latency but suffer from heavy control overhead. Since routes maintained may never be used, system resources are unnecessarily wasted making proactive approaches less efficient. The reactive protocols overcome this drawback. These incur less overhead due to their "on demand" nature; nodes maintain routing information only when it is needed. Hence reactive protocols e.g AODV, DSR etc are preferred and widely adopted. But the on-demand behavior of these approaches itself leads to another problem, e.g the "broadcast storm" problem and thus challenges their usability. In this paper we highlight limitations and operational challenges of widely adopted reactive protocols and survey different optimization approaches suggested to overcome these challenges.

A Novel Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a temporary wireless network composed of mobile nodes, in which an infrastructure is absent. If two mobile nodes are within transmission range, they can communicate with each other directly. Otherwise, the nodes in between them have to forward the packets. In such a case, every mobile node has to function as a router to forward the packets for others. Thus, routing is a basic operation for the MANET. With the dynamic and mobile nature of ad hoc wireless networks, links may fail due to topological changes by mobile nodes. As the degree of mobility increases, the wireless network would suffer by more link errors. Ad hoc routing protocols that use broadcast to discover routes may become inefficient due to frequent failures of intermediate connections in an end-to-end communication.

An Evaluation of Ad-hoc Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, 2012

Wireless mobile ad-hoc networks are characterized as network of nodes without any physical connections. In these types of networks there is no fixed topology due to the mobility of nodes, interference, multipath propagation, environmental conditions and path loss. The purpose of this master thesis is to study, understand, analyze and discuss three mobile ad-hoc routing protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR out of which the first one is proactive protocols, which depends on the routing tables which are maintained at each node. The other two are reactive protocols, which find a route to a destination on demand, whenever communication is needed. Considering the same parameters the DSR protocol transfers more data than both AODV and DSDV protocols, but due to the fact that changes in paths are avoided the losses in AODV is less as compared to DSR protocol. This work is to analyze the routing protocols for wireless networks based on their performance. This is done theoretically as well as through simulation. Basically what is to be done, to identify suitable routing protocols for use with WSN based on the limitations of the technology and propose an enhanced protocol for WSN.

Comparative Review for Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

International Journal of Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing, 2016

Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks is one of the attractive research field that growing exponentially in the last decade. it surrounded by much challenges that should be solved the improve establishment of such networks. Failure of wireless link is considered as one of popular challenges faced by Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs). As this type of networks does not require any pre-exist hardware. As well as, every node have the ability of roaming where it can be connected to other nodes dynamically. Therefore, the network internal structure will be unpredictably changed frequently according to continuous activities between nodes that simultaneously update network topology in the basis of active ad-hoc nature. This model puts the functionality of routing operation in crucial angle in the area of research under mobile adhoc network field due to highly dynamic nature. Adapting such kernel makes MANET indigence new routing techniques to settle these challenges. Thereafter, tremendous amount of routing protocols proposed to argue with ad-hoc nature. Thus, it is quite difficult to specify which protocols operate efficiently under different mobile ad-hoc scenarios. This paper examines some of the prominent routing protocols that are designed for mobile ad-hoc networks by describing their structures, operations, features and then comparing their various characteristics.