Safe technological trend towards the production of bioethanol from algal biomass grown on rice straw (original) (raw)
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ALGAL BIOFUELS:A SOLUTION TO POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - A REVIEW
Major challenges of the modern world like energy security, oil price, resources depletion and climate change have prompted significant advances in research and development of biomass-derived energy and fuels. To achieve environmental and economic sustainability, fuel production processes are required that are not only renewable, but also capable of sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. The use of algae as energy crops has potential, due to their easy adaptability to growth conditions, the possibility of growing either in fresh/marine/wastewaters. Being fastest growing autotrophs, they have the potential to generate significant amounts of biomass considered as third generation feed stocks for biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biohydrogen, biomethane etc), there by helps in biosequestration of carbon, reduces dependence on fossil fuels, and also helps in waste water recycling by effectively utilizing the nutrients of wastewater in an ecofriendly way, which would otherwise leads to eutrophication.
Review: Biofuel production from plant and algal biomass
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016
Biofuels are the promising alternative to exhaustible, environmentally unsafe fossil fuels. Algal biomass is attractive raw for biofuel production. Its cultivation does not compete for cropland with agricultural growing of food crop for biofuel and does not require complex treatment methods in comparison with lignocellulose-enriched biomass. Many microalgae are mixotrophs, so they can be used as energy source and as sewage purifier simultaneously. One of the main steps for algal biofuel fabrication is the cultivation of biomass. Photobioreactors and open-air systems are used for this purpose. The formers allow the careful cultivation control, but the latter ones are cheaper and simpler. Biomass conversion processes may be divided to the thermochemical, chemical, biochemical methods and direct combustion. For biodiesel production, triglyceride-enriched biomass undergoes transetherification. For bioalcohol production, biomass is subjected to fermentation. There are three methods of biohydrogen production in the microalgal cells: direct biophotolysis, indirect biophotolysis, fermentation.
Algal bioethanol production technology: A trend towards sustainable development
A B S T R A C T Fuel security, economics and climate change issues are creating a requirement for alternative renewable fuels. Bioethanol produced by algal biomass is becoming increasingly popular all over the world due to the sustainability of feed stock and environmentally friendly nature. This review paper describes the bioethanol production technology from algae using various cultivation, harvesting, extraction and commercialization techniques and its environmental perspectives. The economic sustainability of algae-derived bioethanol biofuel depends on the cost of production that could be minimized by producing valuable secondary by-products, which is the aim of current algal biofuel research. Future technologies with sufficient potential for maximum extraction capacity and minimal downstream processing using low cost feedstock will address the cost-effectiveness of renewable bioethanol biofuel.
Production of Biofuel from Algae : An Economic and Eco-Friendly Resource
2013
Biomass is a renewable energy resource derived from the carbonaceous waste of various human and natural activities. Bio-fuels such as ethanol, biodiesel are important because they replace petroleum fuels. Production of bio-ethanol from kinds of biomass is one way to reduce both consumption of crude oil and environmental pollution. Using bio-ethanol blended gasoline fuel for automobiles can significantly reduce petroleum use and exhaust greenhouse gas emission. Biofuel production from renewable sources is widely considered to be one of the most sustainable alternatives to petroleum sourced fuels and a viable means for environmental and economic sustainability. Microalgae are currently being promoted as an ideal third generation biofuel feedstock because of their rapid growth rate, CO2 fixation ability and high production capacity of lipids; they also do not compete with food or feed crops, and can be produced on non-arable land. Lignocellulosic biomass and algae are the rich source o...
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 2022
One of the microalgae that can be potentially used to produce bioethanol is Chlorella vulgaris, as it is rich in carbohydrates. However, the carbohydrates in C. vulgaris cannot be converted directly into ethanol. This study aimed to investigate the chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of C. vulgaris, which is subsequently followed by fermentation. The catalysts used in the chemical hydrolysis were hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, while the enzymes used were the mixture of alpha-amylase + glucoamylase, alpha-amylase + cellulase, and alpha-amylase + glucoamylase + cellulase. The hydrolysate obtained from chemical hydrolysis was fermented through Separate Hydrolysis Fermentation (SHF), while the one from enzymatic hydrolysis was fermented through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF), in which both processes used S. cerevisiae. After undergoing five hours of enzymatic hydrolysis (using alpha-amylase + glucoamylase), the maximum glucose concentra...
Research to Produce Ethanol from Seaweed BiomassCladophora sp
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B, 2013
Biomass seaweed Cladophora sp. (BSC) included Cladphora socialis, Cladophora prolifera, Cladophora crupila, which was hydrolysised in dilute sulfuric acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulase. BSC was treated by dilute sulfuric acid at concentration of 0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% (v/v) (v: volume) in autoclave respectively at 121 °C at time 20, 40 and 60 minute, with the rate between seaweed and solution acid of 1/10(w/v) (w: weight). Beside, BSC was pretreated in dilute sulfuric acid at 0.5%(v/v) at 121 °C in 20 minute, after it was treat at concentrations 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 ml/g with the enzymatic hydrolysis consisted of cellulase in control (50 °C, pH 5.0, 24 h). The results showed that, total sugar contents of two methods are the same, but sugar content was varied by treatment time of heat. Rates of acid 4%; 5%, 6% (v/v) and 0.8; 1 ml/g have high sugar content within the range of 42.38-48.51 mg/ml. 400 ml of hydrolysis solution was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 30 °C for 72 h. After fermentation, 5% ethanol solution was identified for the first 100 ml evaporate solution. BSC is easily hydrolyzed and fermented to ethanol, this shows excellent prospects as a potential feedstock for the production of bioethanol.
Algal Biofuel: A boon for society in future to solve Energy crisis
2016
Fossil fuel based energy resources (petroleum, coal and natural gas) are vanishing at a very faster rate to fulfill the demand of energy for growing population worldwide. So depletion of these resources will lead us to the chains of problems which may occur due to fuel shortage. It has been estimated that as per present uses, our coal reserves will be exhausted in 200 years and if we increase the use by 2%, then it will be vanished in 165 years. Therefore in such a condition sustainable and renewable energy resources are beneficial to solve the problem of energy crisis. Fortunately, our scientists have developed different categories of biodiesel as an alternative fuel to meet growing energy demands. In recent scenario, they are focused on the algae as a raw material for biodiesel and which may be proved as a boon for the society in future. Biofuels play a vital role in mitigating CO 2 emission, reducing global warming and bringing down the hike in oil prices. The biodegradable, ren...
Effect of Chemical Pre-treatments on Bioethanol Production from Chlorella minutissima
Acta Chimica Slovenica, 2018
In recent years, algal bioethanol production comes into prominence as a trend towards sustainable development. Due to being sustainable energy source and environmental friendly, bioethanol production from algae is becoming increasingly popular all over the world. However, yield of bioethanol production from algae is lower than first generation feedstock's currently, and needs to be improved. In order to increase bioethanol yield, pre-treatments should be performed as cell disruption process on algal biomass. For this reason, researchers investigate the most appropriate pre-treatment method and its parameters for high yield bioethanol production from algae. In this study, cultivated Chlorella minutissima was utilized for bioethanol production. Effects of pre-treatment method (dilute acid and alkaline), chemical concentration, pre-treatment temperature and pre-treatment time on bioethanol yield were investigated. It was found that, the highest bioethanol yield was obtained as 18.52% with acid pre-treatment at pre-treatment temperature of 100 °C and pre-treatment time of 60 minutes.
Micro and macroalgal biomass: A renewable source for bioethanol
Population outburst together witzh increased motorization has led to an overwhelming increase in the demand for fuel. In the milieu of economical and environmental concern, algae capable of accumulating high starch/cellulose can serve as an excellent alternative to food crops for bioethanol production, a green fuel for sustainable future. Certain species of algae can produce ethanol during dark-anaerobic fermentation and thus serve as a direct source for ethanol production. Of late, oleaginous microalgae generate high starch/cellulose biomass waste after oil extraction, which can be hydrolyzed to generate sugary syrup to be used as substrate for ethanol production. Macroalgae are also harnessed as renewable source of biomass intended for ethanol production. Currently there are very few studies on this issue, and intense research is required in future in this area for efficient utilization of algal biomass and their industrial wastes to produce environmentally friendly fuel bioethanol.