Structure of Housing Deficiency in India and Policy Response at the National Level: A Review (original) (raw)
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This is a paper prepared by me for the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore-CRERI Real Estate Research Initiative. The paper is intended as a overview of the affordable housing sector with special emphasis on India. Affordable Housing is fast taking centrestage in the national agenda. In India, affordable housing is a term largely used in the urban context.Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability criterion, which could be income level of the family, size of the dwelling unit or affordability in terms of EMI size or ratio of house price to annual income. The demand drivers for affordable housing are several.Alongside the growth of the urban population, rising incomes have led to the expansion of the middle class. This has led to a spike in demand for housing that is affordable but includes basic amenities. The agencies working in the affordable housing sector can be classified into . the public sector and the private sector. Both are dogged by issues such as scarcity of land,scarcity of marketable land parcels,titling Issues, rising costs and regulatory concerns. The way forward calls for a collaborative multi-pronged multi-stakehoder approach.
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Evidence indicates that the situation of urban housing in India has been poor over the past thirty years and may have even deteriorated in many important aspects over this period. This paper documents and brings together a range of scattered information not hitherto accessible to shed light on this neglected area of economic policy in India. It evaluates the existing housing stock in the country and the role of housing in the national economy. It analyses the components of increasing housing demand and identifies the series of constraints that impair the expansion of supply. It concludes that there is a clear need for a major overhaul of many of the government policies and regulations such that housing supply may be more responsive to demand from all income levels.