Health benefits and potential applications of anthocyanins in poultry feed industry - Erratum (original) (raw)
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Use of mannan oligosaccharide in broiler diets: an overview of underlying mechanisms
Antibiotic resistance has led poultry nutritionists to find alternatives for antibacterial growth promoters in broilers. Among these substitutes, one is mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), a yeast cell wall derived prebiotic. MOS decreases the load of pathogenic bacteria through 1) binding bacterial type-1 fimbriae 2) increasing goblet cells which produce bactericidal mucin and 3) providing favourable environment for the growth of beneficial bacteria leading to competitive exclusion. Balance between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria causes increase in villus length and decrease in crypt depth which are biomarkers for gut morphological improvement. As structure is equal to function, improvement in intestinal morphology increases activity of digestive enzymes and ultimately improves digestion. Besides these, immunomodulatory effect of MOS activates macrophages of gut associated lymphoid tissues resulting in improvement in cellular, humoral and cutaneous immunity. MOS also increases production of butyric acid and decrease pH of intestine in broilers. Though these combined mechanisms, MOS improves growth rate and performance of broilers.
International Journal of Pharmacology, 2018
Flavonoids are ubiquitous plant metabolites, constitute an important group of natural compounds with various biologic activities and have been the subject of great interest for scientific research. Citrus flavonoids have been established as an important sub-class of flavonoids. Naringin is a prime example that is a natural flavanone glycoside, found mainly in grapefruits, grapes, tomatoes and citrus fruits as well. Citrus flavanones like naringin play an important role as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, antidepressant, hypolipidemic, immunoregulatory, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anti-diabetic and antihyperglycemic agent. It constitutes a major category of nature-derived bioactive compounds, has potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that render it as a promising dietary supplement in animal and poultry feeds. The use of these natural anti-oxidants can also play a vital role to extend the shelf life and increase the consumers’ acceptability for meat and meat products. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have recognized the worth of naringenin several preclinical models of neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, rheumatological disorders and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, it plays a chief role in lowering cholesterol, triglycerides and improvements in immune functions and anti-oxidant status, as reported in human and different animal model studies. This flavonoid has faced limited research and usage in the poultry production industry, although it has many promising biological effects. So this review paper aims to compile the important biologic activities of this compound in order to promote more studies pertaining to this citrus flavonoid, which could be used as a natural feed additive to improve health and meat quality and its potential to lower medicinal cost in animal and poultry industry.
The Role of ß-Mannanase (Hemicell) in Improving Poultry Productivity, Health and Environment
Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 2019
The poultry nutritionists constantly attempt to identify and alleviate the factors responsible for adverse effects on nutrient utilization and production performance in avian species, which are necessary for successful productivity of poultry. Enhanced feed utilization can reduce levels of some nutrients in the diet with concomitant mitigation in nutrient excretion into the environment, reduction of eutrophication and acidification potentials of excreta. Commercial enzymes have been used to improve feed efficiency and utilization in poultry. Among many anti-nutritional factors, the existence of ß-mannans in poultry feed ingredients including soybean and other leguminous seeds has been associated with negative effects on nutrient digestibility and high intestinal viscosity that adversely affects innate immunity and microbial proliferation in poultry gut. The ß-mannanase (a commercial product named as Hemicell) can hydrolyze ß-mannan, an anti-nutritional fiber present in many poultry feed ingredients. Supplement of ß-mannanase to ß-mannan-rich diets may boost the population of intestinal beneficial bacteria, increase the digestibility of mannans, enhance the immunity, suppresses the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria, enhance the digestion and absorption of nutrients in intestinal tracts and reduce the environmental pollution due to poultry excreta. Supplementation of β-mannanase at the level of 200 and 400 mg/kg in poultry diets has positively improved blood glucose and anabolic hormone homeostasis, FCR, digestible energy, and digestible amino acids. This review describes the promising beneficial effects of β-mannanase, which may be used in the poultry feed industry for economic benefits. Another objective of this review is to explore the underlying mechanisms of ß-mannanase that can influence growth, digestion coefficients of nutrients, health and metabolism of nutrients in poultry birds and also the knowledge regarding the useful application of this feed enzyme in the commercial poultry feed industry.
Effects of Moringa oleifera and Garcinia kola with or without Grits on
J. World Poult. Res., 2019
The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in food animals has been banned due to the residual effects on final consumers which could lead to human health issues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two herbal feed additives with or without grits on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. One hundred and forty-four, one-day-old, Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into six treatments (24 birds per treatment) with three replicates (eight bird per replicate). Six dietary treatments were formulated with the inclusion of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal (MOLM), Garcinia kola Seed Meal (GKSM) and grits. The experimental rations contained diet without MOLM, GKSM and grits which served as treatment 1 (control), diet with MOLM at 1000ppm (treatment 2), diet with GKSM at 1000ppm (treatment 3), diet with grits at 1000ppm (treatment 4), diet with MOLM at 1000ppm + grits at 1000ppm (treatment 5) and diet with GKSM at 1000ppm + grits at 1000ppm (treatment 6). Blood samples were collected on 28 and 56 days of age for hematological and biochemical analysis. Data were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. At the starter phase, red blood cells (1.15 ×1012 L) and white blood cells were significantly lowest in birds of first treatment. The birds that received treatment 6, had the highest glucose (131.50 g/dl) and high-density lipoprotein level (58.50 mg/dl). At the finisher phase, the lowest white blood cell count (10.95 ×109/L) and lymphocytes (60%) were recorded in treatment 6. Birds in treatment 3 indicated the lowest urea (2.05 mg/dl) and triglyceride (94.50 mg/dl). It can be concluded that diet supplemented with GKSM at 1000 ppm, increased high-density lipoprotein, and reduced triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels in serum of broiler chickens.
Raw Propolis as a Promising Feed Additive in Poultry Nutrition: Trends and Advances
Journal of Animal Health and Production, 2017
Propolis is a resinous beehive product also known as bee glue that is collected by honeybees from several plants. Honeybee insects blend this viscous and non-toxic substance with the help of their salivary gland secretions and flecks of wax produced by special abdominal glands. It possesses valuable properties such as immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and cardio-protective. A substantial amount of literature has documented its positive effects on poultry regarding growth, immunity, meat quality, microbiota of gastrointestinal tract, and blood hematology. Propolis contains about 200-300 natural compounds. Its biological and pharmacological properties are mainly due to the presence of a great amount of polyphenols including flavonoids, triterpenes, phenolic acid esters (ferulates and caffeates), aromatic acids, diterpenic acids and lignans as well. Currently, most of the interesting research has been focused on biological properties of propolis and its potential health promoting effects in humans, livestock animals and poultry. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the nutritional and medicinal importance of propolis as a safe feed supplement for the improvement of poultry health and performance as well as an alternative of the synthetic antibiotics growth promoters which are worldwide banned.
Probiotics and Poultry Gut Microflora
J. World Poult. Res., 2019
Poultry production is presently the most effective animal production industry and provides an excellent source of protein production worldwide. The poultry gastrointestinal microbiota includes commensal, mutualistic and pathogenic microbes. The relationship between host and gut microbiota can affect the balance of mutualism and pathogenicity. The imbalanced gut microflora caused by the incidence of disease, hygiene conditions, diet, management practices, and environmental stress affects the survival and productivity of chicken. Maintenance of the gut microbial composition is possible through the regulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota by suppressing the growth of pathogens. For many years, antibiotic growth promoters have been used to manage these problems. Nowadays, because of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, other alternatives are being sought. Supplementation of probiotics as feed additives is considered to enhance chicken productivitity and to protect the gut from pathogen colonization and help to tolerate environmental stress. The goal of the present article was to review the poultry gastrointestinal microflora and probiotics role in the health and growth of poultry. In addition, this article focused on probiotic microorganisms and their potential characteristics.
Animal-source foods (ASF) have the potential to enhance the nutritional adequacy of cereal-based diets in low-and middle-income countries, through the provision of high-quality protein and bioavailable micronutrients. The development of guidelines for including ASF in local diets requires an understanding of the nutrient content of available resources. This article reviews food composition tables (FCT) used in sub-Saharan Africa, examining the spectrum of ASF reported and exploring data sources for each reference. Compositional data are shown to be derived from a small number of existing data sets from analyses conducted largely in high-income nations, often many decades previously. There are limitations in using such values, which represent the products of intensively raised animals of commercial breeds, as a reference in resource-poor settings where indigenous breed livestock are commonly reared in low-input production systems, on mineral-deficient soils and not receiving nutritionally balanced feed. The FCT examined also revealed a lack of data on the full spectrum of ASF, including offal and wild foods, which correspond to local food preferences and represent valuable dietary resources in food-deficient settings. Using poultry products as an example, comparisons are made between compositional data from three high-income nations, and potential implications of differences in the published values for micronutrients of public health significance, including Fe, folate and vitamin A, are discussed. It is important that those working on nutritional interventions and on developing dietary recommendations for resource-poor settings understand the limitations of current food composition data and that opportunities to improve existing resources are more actively explored and supported.