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Environmental Impact Assessment process for deep-sea mining in ‘the Area’
Marine Policy
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is key to the robust environmental management of industrial projects; it is used to anticipate, assess and reduce environmental and social risks of a project. It is instrumental in project planning and execution, and often required for financing and regulatory approval to be granted. The International Seabed Authority currently requires an EIA for deep-sea mining (DSM) in areas beyond national jurisdiction (the Area), but the existing regulations present only a portion of a robust EIA process. This article presents an ideal EIA process for DSM, drawing upon the application of EIA from allied industries. It contains screening, scoping and assessment phases, along with the development of an environmental management plan. It also includes external review by experts, stakeholder consultation, and regulatory review. Lessons learned from application of EIA elsewhere are discussed in relation to DSM, including the integration of EIA into UK domestic law, and the reception of EIAs prepared for seabed ore extraction in the Exclusive Economic Zones of New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Finally, four main challenges of implementing the EIA process to DSM in the Area are presented: 1) EIA process for DSM needs to incorporate mechanisms to address uncertainty; 2) detailed requirements for the EIA process phases should be made clear; 3) mechanisms are needed to ensure that the EIA influences decision making; and, 4) the EIA process requires substantial input and involvement from the regulator.
1998
Metal extraction and processing can cause environmental impacts including wildlife and fisheries habitat loss, changes in water quality, sedimentation, toxins in tailings ponds and effluent, acid generation, dust, and slope. 8 In 1996 at the Marcopper mine on the island of Marinduque a plug at the bottom of a copper pit failed and released acidic tailings into the Boac River that prompted a UN team to declare the river to be 'biologically dead' a month later. 9 In 2005, two cyanide spills were reported in less than one month in coastal waters near the Rapu Rapu Mine, Philippines. 10 Mine sites in other countries at which cyanide contamination has caused significant negative environmental impacts include Baia Mare,
2021
Myanmar's political and economic transformation and drastic expansion of foreign direct investment in natural resource sector necessitate systematic safeguards to mitigate impacts from its development activities. Myanmar promulgated the first national EIA law and procedure only recently, in 2016, and the country's institutional and financial capacity is extremely limited to implement effective EIA. This article evaluates Myanmar's EIA system against a set of evaluative criteria developed by Wood (1995) and modified by Annandle (2001). The evaluation was based on the review of the literature, investigation of EIA legislative and administrative framework, and several other sources of data and information. Opinions of professionals from international and government agencies, and researchers are also solicited. The paper then evaluates the rate of EIA disclosure in O & G sector and whether EIA in Myanmar is significance in mitigating the impact of O & G operations on the environment. The review of EIA system indicates that Myanmar generally has sound legal and administrative framework for EIA, however, its practical implementation reveals several major challenges and weaknesses. The presence of more than one standard EIA procedure and lack of interdepartmental coordination and consultation are also major concerns. Overall, the quality of EIA reports and the level of disclosure in O & G sector is higher than that of other sectors in Myanmar. Through the analysis, the paper summarizes the fundamental challenges faced by companies and government, opportunities and good practices in implementing EIA systems and propose recommendations to strengthen EIA performance. The findings of this study expect to contribute to strengthening EIA system and performance in Myanmar and other developing countries, especially in Southeast Asia.
EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment REPORT) AES OCEAN LNG, Ltd.
AES OCEAN LNG, Ltd., 2002
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OCEAN CAY AND THE BIMINIS, THE BAHAMAS by Haley & Aldrich, Inc. for AES Ocean LNG, Ltd. The proposed LNG facility, discussed in greater detail in Section 2 of the EIA, will be located on Ocean Cay, situated approximately 30 km (18 mi) south of South Bimini island and 80 km (50 mi) east of the coast of Florida. The facility will receive LNG from ocean-going LNG tankers, store it, remove LPG from it, re-gasify it, and deliver natural gas via pipeline to Florida and North Bimini. LNG will be delivered to Ocean Cay in LNG tankers having various capacities, with the facility able to accommodate ships with storage capacities up to 160,000 m3 (1 million bbl). NOTED: Dokumen ini sebagai literatur penyusunan dokumen amdal dengan contoh kasus di negara lain. Apabila membutuhkan jasa konsultasi terkait dokumen lingkungan (AMDAL, DELH, UKL-UPL, Feasibility Study) dapat menghubungi nomor dibawah ini. Telepon: 085759723679 email : syampadzi.nurroh@mail.ugm.ac.id