Erosion Hazard Assessment in Forest and Land Rehabilitation for Managing the Tambun Watershed in Sulawesi, Indonesia (original) (raw)
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Soil erosion is one form of land degradation, which is caused by the interacting effects of numerous factors such as biophysical characteristics and socio-economic condition of a particular watershed. Previous erosion studies focused on the use of soil erosion models (e.g. USLE, EUROSEM, SLEMSA etc.), which have been developed under local conditions (e.g. United States, Europe, Africa, etc) and mostly use only biophysical factors as inputs to the models. In this study, a methodology that integrates both biophysical and socio-economic aspects into a framework for soil erosion hazard assessment using principal component analysis (PCA) is described. The analysis is done at the land unit level. With the particular conditions of the study area that is characterized by Inceptisols and Alfisols soil types, nine different land uses with mixed vegetation and forest area dominant in the steep slope, high annual rainfall (>2500 mm), high population with mostly low income and low education, were considered. These were used in formulating a soil erosion hazard index (EHI) equation which relates a number of key factors consisting of biophysical and socio-economic variables, namely soil texture, slope steepness, land cover, soil conservation practices, income and farmers' knowledge. Weighting and scoring of these key factors were used to develop the EHI equation and to calculate an index value of erosion hazard for every land unit. Results indicate that more than 60% of the area has erosion hazard ranging from moderate to very severe, and most of the land units with high erosion hazard were found at the mountain areas. It was also found that erosion hazard was severe in areas with high silt content, followed by high rainfall and steep slope, low crop cover without any soil conservation practices coupled with lack of awareness on soil erosion and low income. The key factors identified and level of erosion hazard obtained can be used to formulate conservation measures in critical areas which are prone to soil erosion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Erosion Hazard in Upstream Ciliwung Watershed Bogor , West Java , Indonesia
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Erosion is the loss of a soil or parts of soil from a place that is transported by water or wind to another place. The growing quantity of human activity makes buildings around upstream Ciliwung watershed Bogor, West Java, Indonesia increase as well. The current condition of natural and environmental resources in the upstream Ciliwung watershed is quite apprehensive where environmental damage is already severe due to inappropriate use and use of land and urgent life needs. Therefore, mapping the spatial distribution of erosion hazards in the relevant research area needs to be done. The method that researcher use to predict erosion is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) equation. This equation is an erosion estimation model used to calculate the amount of erosion that occurs in the long term in an area. This equation can predict the average erosion rate in a plot of land at various slope steepness with a certain rain pattern for each existing cropping effort and soil management a...
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In a watershed, the Erosion Hazard Level (EHL) is usually associated with erosion rate and existing soil solum. In Lesti Sub-Watershed, erosion rate increases every year due to erosivity factor, erodibility, the length and slope, as well as crop factor and land conservation action. Analysis of erosion associated with population pressure has not been much discussed in the Lesti Sub-Watershed. This topic needs to be explored given that the erosion rate that affects sedimentation in the Sengguruh Reservoir, as an outlet of the Lesti Sub-Watershed, cannot be separated from the population activity therein. The population activity and the choice of use of land suppress the land so that it affects the carrying capacity of the watershed. Measuring land strength is usually based on the value of existing population pressure and its effect on vulnerability or erosion hazard level. This study seeks to assess the relationship between erosion hazard level and population pressure, as well as to de...