The efficacy of the Nafion 1 blended CTAB protected Au nanoparticles for the electrochemical detection of tramadol in wastewater: A parametric investigation (original) (raw)
Related papers
2019
Electrochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and l-Cysteine on glassy carbon electrode was carried out to prepare a modified electrode. The fabricated sensor showed good sensitivity and selectivity for simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PAR) and tramadol (TRA) by square wave voltammetry. Linear ranges of 0.10 - 10.7 μM (PAR) and 0.50 - 63.6 μM (TRA) were obtained with detection limits of 0.03 and 0.17 μM, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) for simultaneous determinations of PAR (10 µM) and TRA (30 µM) was calculated to be 3.11 and 3.30%, respectively (5 replicate determinations). Moreover, when 3 different electrodes were used, RSD% for PAR and TRA was 3.92 and 4.02%, respectively. The proposed electrode was used successfully in the simultaneous determination of the drugs in spiked human plasma samples.The calculated recoveries for PAR and TRA in blood serum were found to be in the rage 99.5-102 %, with RSD% 0.71 – 1.9%.
Electrochimica Acta, 2010
A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor was fabricated via the drop-casting of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) suspension onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The application of this sensor was investigated in simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (ACE) and tramadol (TRA) drugs in pharmaceutical dosage form and ACE determination in human plasma. In order to study the electrochemical behaviors of the drugs, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric studies of ACE and TRA were carried out at the surfaces of the modified GCE (MGCE) and the bare GCE. The dependence of peak currents and potentials on pH, concentration and the potential scan rate were investigated for these compounds at the surface of MGCE. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for the characterization of the film modifier and its morphology on the surface of GCE. The results of the electrochemical investigations showed that CNPs, via a thin layer model based on the diffusion within a porous layer, enhanced the electroactive surface area and caused a remarkable increase in the peak currents. The thin layer of the modifier showed a catalytic effect and accelerated the rate of the electron transfer process. Application of the MGCE resulted in a sensitivity enhancement and a considerable decrease in the anodic overpotential, leading to negative shifts in peak potentials. An optimum electrochemical response was obtained for the sensor in the buffered solution of pH 7.0 and using 2 L CNPs suspension cast on the surface of GCE. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the prepared sensor showed good sensitivity and selectivity for the determination of ACE and TRA in wide linear ranges of 0.1-100 and 10-1000 M, respectively. The resulted detection limits for ACE and TRA was 0.05 and 1 M, respectively. The CNPs modified GCE was successfully applied for ACE and TRA determinations in pharmaceutical dosage forms and also for the determination of ACE in human plasma.
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2011
A glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) modified with a cation exchanger resin, Dowex50wx2 and gold nanoparticles (D50wx2-GNP-GCPE) has been developed for individual and simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (ACOP) and tramadol (TRA). The electrochemical behavior of both the molecules has been investigated employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronocoulometry (CC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry (AdSSWV). The studies revealed that the oxidation of ACOP and TRA is facilitated at D50wx2-GNP-GCPE. Using AdSSWV, the method allowed simultaneous determination of ACOP and TRA in the linear working range of 3.34 × 10 −8 to 4.22 × 10 −5 M with detection limits of 4.71 × 10 −9 and 1.12 × 10 −8 M (S/N = 3) for ACOP and TRA respectively. The prepared modified electrode shows several advantages such as simple preparation method, long-time stability, ease of preparation and regeneration of the electrode surface by simple polishing and excellent reproducibility. The high sensitivity and selectivity of D50wx2-GNP-GCPE were demonstrated by its practical application in the determination of both ACOP and TRA in pharmaceutical formulations, urine and blood serum samples.
Talanta, 2014
By using precipitation polymerization, liquid electrodes of polymers imprinted with Mebeverine hydrochloride and metronidazole benzoate were created whereas the imprinted polymer (MIP) and non-imprinted (NIP) polymers were prepared by using Mebeverine hydrochloride and Metronidazole benzoate qua a template. In the polymerization process, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane Sulphonic acid (AMPS) or 1-Vinylimidazole (VIZ) was used qua monomer, pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETRA) or Divinylbanzene (DVB) was used qua a cross-linker while benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was used as an initiator. The MIP membranes and the membranes of NIP were created by using Dibutyl Sebacate (DBS) and Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate(TEHP) qua plasticizers in PVC matrix. The response time of the liquid electrodes was 1min. whereas their slopes and detection limits reached to 19.62-57.36 mV per decade and 1.2 x 10-6-2.0 x 10-5 M, respectively. Filling with standard solution of drug (0.1M), the liquid electrodes response-with suitable No. (selectivity for numerous of species-was suitable No. (since pH reached to 1.5-12. The developed electrodes were successfully applied for the analyte determination in preparation pharmaceutical sample without any time consuming pretreatment steps.
Conducting Polymer All Solid State Potentiometric Sensor for the Tramadol Assay
International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2016
A new methodology was applied for the designing potentiometric membrane sensors. An electrochemically polymerized Poly(Pyrrole)s (PPy) film was applied as a solid contact-ion to electron transducer on the surface of a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) to make an all-solid-state ion selective electrode (CP-ASS-ISE) for the determination of Tramadol Hydrochloride. A thin layer of a PVC membrane containing synthesized ion-pair as the active element and suitable plasticizer was then placed on the surface of the conducting polymer layer to prepare the sensor. The suggested sensor showed a Nernstian response (a slope of 57.17 mV per decade) over the concentration range of 1.0×10 −6 to 1.0×10 −1 mol L-1. The Tramadol sensor had a low detection limit of 7.4×10 −7 mol L-1 with response time of less than 10s in the concentrated solutions. The working pH range of the sensor was 2.0-7.0. Finally, the proposed sensor used for the Tramadol assay in some pharmaceutical tablets.
ACS Omega
This work reports the first study on the possible application of nanodiamond-derived onion-like carbons (OLCs), in comparison with conductive carbon black (CB), as an electrode platform for the electrocatalytic detection of tramadol (an important drug of abuse). The physicochemical properties of OLCs and CB were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The OLC exhibits, among others, higher surface area, more surface defects, and higher thermal stability than CB. From the electrochemical analysis (interrogated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), it is shown that an OLC-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE-OLC) allows faster electron transport and electrocatalysis toward tramadol compared to a GCE-CB. To establish the underlying science behind the high performance of the OLC, theoretical calculations (density functional theory (DFT) simulations) were conducted. DFT predicts that OLC allows for weaker surface binding of tramadol (E ad = −26.656 eV) and faster kinetic energy (K.E. = −155.815 Ha) than CB (E ad = −40.174 eV and −305.322 Ha). The GCE-OLC shows a linear calibration curve for tramadol over the range of ∼55 to 392 μM, with high sensitivity (0.0315 μA/μM) and low limit of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) (3.8 and 12.7 μM, respectively). The OLC-modified screen-printed electrode (SPE-OLC) was successfully applied for the sensitive detection of tramadol in real pharmaceutical formulations and human serum. The OLC-based electrochemical sensor promises to be useful for the sensitive and accurate detection of tramadol in clinics, quality control, and routine quantification of tramadol drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
We display a simple chemical procedure for fabrication of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNps) using tranexamic acid (Tr) as reducing as well as capping agent. As-formed Tr-AuNps were characterized by Ultra Violet Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy where the surface plasmon absorption band was controlled at 522 nm under already optimized conditions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) unveiled information in relation to size and shape of Tr-AuNps. Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy divulged the interaction between capping agent and AuNps while X-ray diffractometry (XRD) disclosed the nature of crystalline patterns of AuNps. As-prepared Tr-AuNps were sandwiched between the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and nafion and used as sensor for highly selective and sensitive voltammetric determination of nalbuphine (NA) using square wave voltammetry (SWV) as analytical mode. Parameters such as volume of nafion, working electrodes, type and ionic strength of supporting electrolyte, pH, stirring rate, initial potential, accumulation potential and accumulation time were optimized. The mechanism regarding the oxidation of NA was also proposed. The sensor responded linearly in the range of 0.05-1.25 g mL −1 NA with excellent limit of detection (LOD) of 13.2 ng mL −1 and R 2 value of 0.997. In addition, the sensor performed linearly to NA even within the matrices of serum as well as urine samples. The fabricated sensor demonstrated higher selectivity for sensitive determination of NA in the presence of various interfering species commonly found in human serum and urine. The developed sensor was successfully applied and validated for the determination of NA in human serum and urine samples with excellent recoveries.
Journal of Electronic Materials, 2017
We present a simple and green approach for synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNps) using analgesic drug diflunisal (DF) as capping and stabilizing agent in aqueous solution. Characterization of the synthesized diflunisal-derived gold nanoparticles (DF-AuNps) was performed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, revealing the surface plasmon absorption band at 520 nm under optimized experimental conditions. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy established the effective interaction of the capping agent with the AuNps. Topographical features of the synthesized DF-AuNps were assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), revealing average particle height of 29 nm to 32 nm. X-ray diffractometry was used to study the crystalline nature, revealing that the synthesized DF-AuNps possessed excellent crystalline properties. The synthesized DF-AuNps were employed to modify the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for selective determination of piroxicam (PX) using differential pulse voltammetry technique. The fabricated Nafion/DF-AuNps/GCE sensor exhibited high sensitivity compared with bare GCE. The current response of the fabricated sensor was found to be linear in the PX concentration range of 0.5 lM to 50 lM, with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 50 nM and 150 nM, respectively. The proposed sensor was successfully utilized for sensitive and rapid determination of PX in human serum, urine, and pharmaceutical samples.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2012
Time dependant synthesis of ibuprofen derived gold nanoflowers/nanotructures (Ibu-AuPNFs/Ibu-AuNSs) was carried out via heating the mixture of ibuprofen and gold chloride (HAuCl 4) at constant temperature. Characterization studies revealed the interaction of gold nanoparticles (AuNps) with ibuprofen and the changes in their size and shape. The product formed at heating time of 1, 10, 20 and 30 min was examined for arsenic (As(III)) sensing after adsorption at screen printed electrode (SPE) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) as determining mode. The product formed at 10 min heating performed the best results. The stability of the Ibu-AuNSs at electrode was greatly modified by applying nafion as binder and stabilizing agent. A linear calibration plot was observed for As(III) in the range of 0.1-1800 ppb with lower detection limit (LDL) of 0.018 ppb and regression coefficient (r) of 0.9998 under optimized conditions. The sensor was highly reproducible with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.9% for n = 15 and proved very selective for As(III) with no appreciable interference in the presence of various ions. The sensor was successfully employed for As(III) monitoring in various types of water samples.