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Tarih-i Esliha ve Zamân-ı Hâzırda Düvel-i Muhtelife Topçulukları, Cild-i Evvel / The History of Weapons and The Artillery of Various States’ in the Present Time, Vol.1., 1886
Atatürk Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi kayıtlarında yazar ismi Receb Rahmî olarak verilmiştir. Kitap kapağında ve mukaddime bölümünde yazar Ahmed Muhtar olarak görülmektedir. Detaylı bilgi için bkz. / In the records of Atatürk University Library, the name of the author is given as Receb Rahmi. The author is seen as Ahmed Muhtar on the cover of the book and in the introduction. For detailed information, see/http://bilgimerkezi.atauni.edu.tr/yordam/?p=1&q=tarih-i+esliha&alan=tum\_txt&sno=1&demirbas=0134261 ; EK.1 Kitap Kapağı s. 9. 2 Okunamamıştır / It couldn't read. 3 İsim benzerliğinden dolayı zaman zaman Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Paşa ile karıştırılan Ahmet Muhtar Paşa'nın son rütbesi Ferik'tir. Kendisi Mekteb-i Harbîye'de Topçuluk başta olmak üzere silahlarla ilgili teknik dersler vermiştir. Aynı konularda kaleme aldığı eserlerin yanında birçok tercümeye de imza atmıştır. Bkz. / The last rank of Ahmet Muhtar Pasha, who is sometimes confused with Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha due to the similarity of the name, is Ferik. He gave technical lectures on weapons, especially artillery, at the Military Academy. In addition to the works he wrote on the same subjects, he also interpreted many studies. For some samples of his publications see;
Türkiye-Romania Joint Military History Symposium
Türkiye-Romania Joint Military History Symposium Proceedings Book, 2023
Fatih Institute of Military History Studies was founded in 2017 under the Turkish National Defense University with the primary mission of coordinating and advancing studies endeavors within the realm of military history. As part of its commitment, the Institute has organized a series of noteworthy academic events and produced various publications, such as “War and Peace: Treaty of Passarowitz Symposium on the 300th Anniversary”, “Tsarist Russia and the Straits: Turkish-Russian Joint Military History Symposium”, “Türkiye-Italy Joint Military History Symposium”, "Turkish Military Education and Training Symposium” and “Turkish War Industry History Symposium”. Fatih Institute of Military Military History Studies organized its fourth international joint military history symposium under the title “Türkiye-Romania Joint Military History Symposium”. This event was conducted in partnership with the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA) and the Romanian Ministry of National Defense-Institute for Political Studies of Defense and Military History. This symposium was designed to shed light on the study of Turkish and Romanian military history within a broader historical context, with a particular emphasis on their shared historical heritage and channeling them into the realm of academic discourse. This volume comprises the papers presented at the symposium. Within the pages of this work, a comprehensive exploration of the military interactions between Türkiye and Romania spanning from the 13th century to World War II, and some significant military advancements in Romania, interpreted through the eyes of both Turkish and Romanian historians.
A MILITARY HISTORY OF THE OTTOMANS: From Osman to Ataturk, By: Mesut Uyar and Edward J. Erickson
The history of the Ottoman military in the western world tends to be episodic and focused on particular periods, leaders, or wars. A recent comprehensive guide to the literature of military history contains no specific entry beginning with the word ‘‘Ottoman.’’1 There are instead the following: Kemal Atatu¨rk; BalkanWars; Crimean War; Greece—War of Independence; Habsburg-Ottoman Wars; Islamic Warfare; Near East Warfare; Russo-Turkish War; Suleiman the Magnificent; Turkey—armed forces; World War I (WW1): armed forces, Turkey; WW1: Balkans; WW1: Dardanelles; WW1: Mesopotamia; and WW1: Palestine. Moreover, the existing nonspecialist western historiography was written from the European perspective and was often the derivative product of faulty or biased contemporary observations by Europeans about what the Ottomans were doing. Sometimes the literature was tainted by a lingering memory of ‘‘the terrible Turk,’’ which presented the Ottomans as the last of a long line of racially Asian destroyers of western civilization. Even though the history of the Ottoman military is by no means wholly lacking in either scholarship or ideas, no one has yet undertaken a general survey of the Ottoman military from the very beginning until the end.
Uluslararası Askeri Tarih Dergisi, Sayı 87.
The book by Murat Belge, first of all, analyses the militarist ideology at the conceptual level and looks at its main goals and instruments. Then it examines various case studies, mainly the examples of Japan, Germany and Turkey, though political history of some other selected countries is also taken into account in order to understand the historical development of militarist approach.
A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Ataturk
ABC-Clio/Praeger, 2009
The Ottoman Army had a significant effect on the history of the modern world and particularly on that of the Middle East and Europe. This study, written by a Turkish and an American scholar, is a revision and corrective to western accounts because it is based on Turkish interpretations, rather than European interpretations, of events. As the world's dominant military machine from 1300 to the mid-1700's, the Ottoman Army led the way in military institutions, organizational structures, technology, and tactics. In decline thereafter, it nevertheless remained a considerable force to be counted in the balance of power through 1918. From its nomadic origins, it underwent revolutions in military affairs as well as several transformations which enabled it to compete on favorable terms with the best of armies of the day. This study tracks the growth of the Ottoman Army as a professional institution from the perspective of the Ottomans themselves, by using previously untapped Ottoman source materials. Additionally, the impact of important commanders and the role of politics, as these affected the army, are examined. The study concludes with the Ottoman legacy and its effect on the Republic and modern Turkish Army. This is a study survey that combines an introductory view of this subject with fresh and original reference-level information. Divided into distinct periods, Uyar and Erickson open with a brief overview of the establishment of the Ottoman Empire and the military systems that shaped the early military patterns. The Ottoman army emerged forcefully in 1453 during the siege of Constantinople and became a dominant social and political force for nearly two hundred years following Mehmed's capture of the city. When the army began to show signs of decay during the mid-seventeenth century, successive Sultans actively sought to transform the institution that protected their power. The reforms and transformations that began frist in 1606 successfully preserved the army until the outbreak of the Ottoman-Russian War in 1876. Though the war was brief, its impact was enormous as nationalistic and republican strains placed increasing pressure on the Sultan and his army until, finally, in 1918, those strains proved too great to overcome. By 1923, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk emerged as the leader of a unified national state ruled by a new National Parliament. As Uyar and Erickson demonstrate, the old army of the Sultan had become the army of the Republic, symbolizing the transformation of a dying empire to the new Turkish state make clear that throughout much of its existence, the Ottoman Army was an effective fighting force with professional military institutions and organizational structures. Publisher The Ottoman Empire was founded by and named for a Turk from Asia Minor, Ghazi Osman, whose first victory was over the Byzantines at the Battle of Baphaeum in 1301. From then until the early 20th century, Ottoman Turks held power in the Eastern Mediterranean. The height of the empire was in the 16th century, under Suleyman I, known as "the Magnificent" to European, North African, and Persian armies that feared his military might. Ottoman ships roamed the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean; Suleyman's troops attacked Belgrade, Rhodes, Hungary, Algeria, Iran, and even Vienna. Yet, by the end, the Ottomans barely held onto Anatolia, the European side shrunken to only a few miles west of Istanbul. The empire, unable to recover from defeats in the Balkan Wars of 1912-13 and WW I, fell in 1923 to an uprising led by Kemal Ataturk. There has long been a need for a military history of the Ottomans in English, and Uyar (Turkish Military Academy) and Erickson (US Marine Corps) provide a very complete one. There may be more focused studies on Ottoman campaigns but little better on the Ottoman army and nothing better in a single volume. Summing Up: Essential. All levels/libraries. K. R. DeVries Loyola University Maryland Choice, Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, July 2010 English languages of the Ottoman empire have generally glossed over information regarding the makeup of the military, relating the battles from a European perspective. Uyar (international relations, Turkish Military Academy) and Erickson (military history, United States Marine Corps University, Quantico, VA) both officers with combat experience, tell the story of the Ottoman military organization and how it managed to conquer most of the Near East, North Africa, the Balkans and almost the Hapsburg empire. The authors begin with the arrival of the Ottoman Turks in the fourteenth century and end with the fall of the empire and the start of a secular state under Ataturk. Weapons, strategy and personalities of the leaders are all covered as well as the composition of the rank and file. The role of the Janissaries, that uniquely Ottoman institution, is explained as well. The battles most known in the west, the taking of Constantinople in 1453 and the failure to take Vienna in 1683, are both examined from the Ottoman point of view, using documents not available to most western scholars. This book fills a formerly blank space in the history of Eastern Europe and the Near East. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) Reference & Research Book News, 02/01/2010 THE UNKNOWN SOLDIERS David Barchard Lord Curzon, rather unflatteringly, said that the Turks were a nation of private soldiers. Bu drop the “private” and many Turks, until very recently, would have agreed with him. Considering the prominence of the army in Turkish society throughout the country’s history, it is surprising, how little substantial history has been written about it – leaving books on “civil-military relations” to one side. Now the gap has been filled with this fine account by Mesut Uyar and Edward J. Erickson. It helps that both men have a military background themselves. Colonel Uyar is not only a military historian but also a serving officer in the Turkish army with something most historians these days do not have; plenty of active service experience. In fewer than 300 action-packed pages, the book takes the reader from the very earliest Ottoman fighting units, described as “a steppe nomadic cavalry force”, up to 1919 and the death of the empire, when “almost overnight, regiment after regiment…changed its loyalty from the sultan to the Turkish nationalist cause”. This is an aspect of the establishment of the republic that is usually overlooked. By the end, the Turkish army, though battered and impoverished, had for several decades been a modern army organized along European lines. The book covers the classical age of Ottoman military supremacy and the conquest of Anatolia, the Arab Middle East, North Africa and the Balkans, followed by a long period of decline after the mid-17th century. The Ottoman military were technologically resourceful long after the rest of Turkish society appeared to have frozen in time, and by the 1730s the first attempts to import military science from Europe were taking place. However, the largest section of the book covers the period between 1826 – when the traditional Ottoman forces, the Janissaries, were disposed of in a blaze of grapeshot, to be replaced by a modern army – and the end of the First World War. Throughout this time, military collapse and partition seemed imminent, and the non-Turkish provinces of the empire were peeled away in a series of military defeats. But the military reforms - and the officer corps they produced – were sufficient to enable Atatürk and his fellow officers to win the War of Independence and create modern Turkey. His account focuses both on the close-up details of military history – how battles ad campaigns were fought, and why they were won or lost – and on deeper long-term issues, including shortages of skills and resources, and sultans who often spent more time designing uniforms than working on organisation. The authors write damningly that the earliest period of reform, 1826 to 1853, “was probably more valuable for Ottoman military in the destruction o its antique institutions than for any long-lasting changes which emerged”. One recurrent tendency was for newly created corps of army officers to see themselves as guardians of society. At the time of the Young Turk revolution, the officer corps became convinced of the wisdom of an enlightened military dictatorship. The English occasionally falters, but this account is written with intelligence, verve and very deep knowledge of Ottoman history. It is a book to which military historians, as well as students of the Ottoman world, will surely return to again and again. Cornucopia, vol.7, no.44, Autumn 2010, p.22
2021
Bu çalışmanın temel konusu savaş, teknoloji ve strateji kavramları ışığında savaşın doğasındaki ve karakterindeki değişim tartışmalarını ele alıp geleceğin savaşları hakkında bazı öngörülerde bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ilk olarak savaş ve teknoloji kavramlarının tarihsel ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Tarihsel arka planla beraber, savaşın doğası ve savaşın değişen karakterine değinilip; savaş, strateji ve teknolojinin en önemli kesişimi olarak görülen "Askeri Alanda Devrim" (RMA) hipotezi ele alınmıştır. Bu incelemede, bu çalışma yazılırken vuku bulan 2020 Dağlık Karabağ Savaşı örnek olay olarak ele alınmıştır. Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan arasındaki savaş, savunma bilimi ve doktrinel olarak incelenmiştir. Son olarak, "gerçek yeni savaşlar" nosyonu ortaya atılıp, geleceğin savaşlarında yapay zeka ve beraberindeki teknolojik gelişmelerin savaşın doğasını da belli bir ölçüde etkileyeceği sonucuna varılmıştır--------------------The main subject of this study is to discuss the...
In this essay, basically the memoirs of a military and political figure of Late Ottoman and Early Turkish Republican period, Eyüp Durukan (born in 1882 in today's Bulgaria-Stara Zagora) are analyzed regarding certain points. First, the general panoramic view of the post-World War I for Turks and the path to the Turkish National Struggle is provided. Then, a forgotten -or, not adequately studied-figure of Turkish History, Eyüp Durukan, is reminded through his records and other studies. Third, the hidden group İmalat-ı Harbiye, established by Durukan and served efficiently in National Struggle, on which there is hardly any study, is introduced under the light of its establisher's records. Consequently, a light is shed on an important aspect of preparations and operations for a significant war through a first-hand resource