IWUL 2013 Lecture series : Memorial (original) (raw)

A Call for Landscape Ephemera in Times of War Reimagining Memorial Design for the Twenty-First Century

Manzar the scientific journal of landscape, 2016

| A review on a relation between flowers and the war memorials shows strong and multi-dimensional integration. Focusing on the establishment and the essential purpose that memorials serve, this paper reviews three twentieth-century social movements as case studies, which directly involved the public ground and the use of landscape ephemera, particularly flowers, in response to war: The WWI war shrine-, the WWI+II war-gardening-, and Vietnam War-era " flower power " movement—one to mourn the loss of war, one to support the war, and one to protest the war. At the end the paper notes that recalling flowers in certain purposes may be an answer for the new generation of war memorial in the recent universal front.

The roles of monuments for the dead during the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake

This paper examines the roles of disaster memorials during the five years that followed the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). After the collective experience of catastrophe, societies develop various modes of grieving and remembering the tragedies and their victims. One of these strategies consists of the erection of monuments where mourners, survivors, politicians, religious leaders and other visitors may process their sorrows, pay their respects to the dead, express their solidarity with the affected community, and remember the catastrophe. Despite the fact that the grieving process starts immediately after the event, memorials for the dead are paradoxically built years, if not decades, after the events. The reason might be that memorials are often conceived solely as 'mnemonic devices.' However, to limit their role as material testimonies of catastrophes is to ignore the functions they hold for communities during the immediate aftermath. In response, this study reports on the practical roles played by memorial monuments for the survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake. It reflects on the significance of both their tangible (the monument and its surroundings) and intangible dimensions (grief, social bonds, memories). The paper concludes a few of general recommendations based on the idea that memorials compose a matrix of complementary practices of remembrance that together contribute to reducing the impact of the losses suffered by post-disaster communities.

War Memorial Landscape; From Realism to Metaphor

Manzar the scientific journal of landscape, 2016

| War is not a pleasant phenomenon that it' s remembrance for society would be desirable. But beyond the dark and bitter aspects of each war, there are also white aspects to notice and even remind it to new generations. Undoubtedly every battle has faced prowess, sacrifice and patriotism of the people who devoted their lives for these values. In this case, the remembrance of war in format of memorials should bold memories of these people, evocative places and innate and human values related to war. War memorials as symbols in daily life of new generations, are supposed to keep the memories of war alive. But how these symbols should be? Is the straight expression of a war artwork, for example a statue of a fighter, a good answer to matter of " remembrance " ? Various examples have been performed with this theme all over the world. This article studies these examples and tries to find a correct answer through them for this question. The results of the study indicate that on the subject of war memorials, we encounter a spectrum that on one side has realistic and museum view and on the other, metaphorical and abstract view. Although realism communicates faster with audiences, permanence of artwork in audience' s mind would be low because of its simplicity. On the opposite side, memorials which have more complicated layers and are interpretable would perform better as a memorial artwork though they may be infirm at initial attraction for audiences. Therefore it seems that war memorials corresponding to epic aspects and national values must be presented by allegorical and metaphorical expression and the works that are associated with remembering memories can use realistic expression. Surveying examples states that choosing the proper approach to the subject of memorial, would be more successful at attracting audiences and transferring message to new generation.

POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AND MEMORIAL SPACES: EXPLORING POTENTIAL IN THE ACEH TSUNAMI MUSEUM, BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

This paper explores the potential of physical memorial and museum spaces as locations that can foster community-wide posttraumatic growth in the wake of catastrophic disasters. The role of memorial and museum spaces in fostering affect and meaning-making is considered for the purpose of developing an assessment tool to evaluate whether a memorial/museum fosters posttraumatic growth. That tool is then be used to assess a particular location, the Aceh Tsunami Museum in Banda Aceh, Indonesia.

Memory, Meaning, and Monuments: An Ethnographic Study of Tsunami Memorialization in Aceh

E3S Web of Conferences

The Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004, left an impact on Aceh, Indonesia, prompting the establishment of tsunami memorials to preserve collective memories. This study examines how individuals and communities interact with tsunami memorials in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. It seeks to understand the dynamic intersection between individual, community, and tsunami memorials using collective memory theory. Findings reveal that memorials serve as spaces of recollection, fostering connections with lost loved ones and reinforcing disaster resilience. However, memory erosion occurs over time due to generational shifts and social dynamic changes. Collective memory theory elucidates memorials' broader societal roles, promoting disaster education and empathy. Beyond commemorations, memorials become cultural symbols shaping memories, meanings, identities, and narratives. This research highlights the importance of nuanced memorialization strategies to sustain engagement, foster disaster...