Microbial Biofilms (original) (raw)
Biofilm Structure, Behavior, and Hydrodynamics
Microbial Biofilms, 2004
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Biofilm Formation and its Role in
2018
Most of the life forms in the world can develop skills for their continued existence against a constantly changing and challenging environment. Amongst all the organisms, bacteria show a tremendous adaptation, by natural selection through transformation crafting genetic variants [1] and show survival instincts in many ways. They can form surface attachments, three dimensional edifices that are sustained by self-synthesised extracellular polymeric matrix. This consortium of cell-cell interaction can be described as biofilms [2], which represents the defence and communication system of a bacterial community. Naturally, biofilms are constructed by a diverse group of microorganisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus mutans which co-exists as a community challenging the hostile environment created by the host defense mechanism followed by the resulting antibiotic exploitation in order to eradicate the formed biofilm [3]. The transmiss...
Recent advances in studies of biofilm systems have generated a wealth of novel informa- tion on multicellular prokaryotic biology and have established models for the formation of biofilms and the biology of their lifecycles. As a prelude to the subsequent chapters in this volume, this introductory article is aimed at identifying the contextual scientific and experimental framework for contemporary biofilm research programs, and addresses the strengths and weaknesses of some of the current key biofilm models. We will discuss whether or not a unique biofilm specific gene expression underpins our observations on biofilm structure and biology. Further, we will highlight the limitations inherent to current genetic and physiological analyses of bacterial biofilms, including the strengths and weak- nesses of the molecular toolbox and the biofilm assays commonly employed. Moreover, the extent by which multiple parallel pathways of biofilm formation exist will be addressed, with reference al...
Towards the identification of the common features of bacterial biofilm development
International Microbiology, 2006
Microorganisms can live and proliferate as individual cells swimming freely in the environment, or they can grow as highly organized, multicellular communities encased in a self-produced polymeric matrix in close association with surfaces and interfaces. This microbial lifestyle is referred to as biofilms. The intense search over the last few years for factors involved in biofilm development has revealed that distantly related bacterial species recurrently make use of the same elements to produce biofilms. These common elements include a group of proteins containing GGDEF/EAL domains, surface proteins homologous to Bap of Staphylococcus aureus, and some types of exopolysaccharides, such as cellulose and the poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine. This review summarizes current knowledge about these three common elements and their role in biofilm development.
Biofilms: Importance and Biotechnological Applications.
Biofilm is an assemblage of the microbial cells that is irreversibly associated with a surface and usually enclosed in a matrix of polysaccharide material. Biofilm is composed primarily of microbial cells and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Extracellular polymeric matrix plays various roles in structure and function of different biofilm communities. Adhesion to the surface provides considerable advantages such as protection against antimicrobial agents, acquisition of new genetic traits, and the nutrient availability and metabolic co-operability. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, who discovered microbial attachment to his own tooth surface, is credited with the discovery of biofilm. The formation of biofilm takes place in three steps. Biofilm is responsible for chronic bacterial infection, infection on medical devices, deterioration of water quality and the contamination of food. This assignment provides an overview of the formation of biofilm, structure, role in microbial communities and its applications.
Review on Compositions, Formation, and Genetic Control of Bacterial Biofilm
2019
Biofilm is an innate defensive way through which bacterial cells are linked together to be associated with the biotic and abiotic surfaces within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance. A biofilm is consisted of attached microbial cells sessile within a matrix of extracellular polymeric secretions (EPS). EPS has been composed of ; proteins arranged from 1-2% including enzymes, DNA and RNA less than 1%, while the polysaccharides was 1-2% and the main remaining component is, water up to 97% which is responsible for the flow of nutrients inside biofilm matrix. which surround and protect bacterial cells. The EPSmatrix is typically composed of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Biofilm fashioning is commonly considered to occur in four main steps: (1) Microbial attachment to a surface, (2) micro-colony formation, (3) biofilm maturation and (4) detachment of bacteria which may then colonize new regions of interest. Biofilm formation and d...