Modelling the global coastal ocean (original) (raw)
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Budgeting sinks and sources of CO2in the coastal ocean: Diversity of ecosystems counts
Geophysical Research Letters, 2005
Air-water CO 2 fluxes were up-scaled to take into account the latitudinal and ecosystem diversity of the coastal ocean, based on an exhaustive literature survey. Marginal seas at high and temperate latitudes act as sinks of CO 2 from the atmosphere, in contrast to subtropical and tropical marginal seas that act as sources of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Overall, marginal seas act as a strong sink of CO 2 of about À0.45 Pg C yr À1. This sink could be almost fully compensated by the emission of CO 2 from the ensemble of near-shore coastal ecosystems of about 0.40 Pg C yr À1. Although this value is subject to large uncertainty, it stresses the importance of the diversity of ecosystems, in particular near-shore systems, when integrating CO 2 fluxes at global scale in the coastal ocean.
Budgeting sinks and sources of CO2in the coastal ocean: Diversity of ecosystems counts
Geophysical Research Letters, 2005
Air-water CO 2 fluxes were up-scaled to take into account the latitudinal and ecosystem diversity of the coastal ocean, based on an exhaustive literature survey. Marginal seas at high and temperate latitudes act as sinks of CO 2 from the atmosphere, in contrast to subtropical and tropical marginal seas that act as sources of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Overall, marginal seas act as a strong sink of CO 2 of about À0.45 Pg C yr À1. This sink could be almost fully compensated by the emission of CO 2 from the ensemble of near-shore coastal ecosystems of about 0.40 Pg C yr À1. Although this value is subject to large uncertainty, it stresses the importance of the diversity of ecosystems, in particular near-shore systems, when integrating CO 2 fluxes at global scale in the coastal ocean.
Geophysical Research Letters, 2010
1] The exchange of CO 2 between the atmosphere and the global coastal ocean was evaluated from a compilation of air-water CO 2 fluxes scaled using a spatially-explicit global typology of inner estuaries (excluding outer estuaries such as large river deltas) and continental shelves. The computed emission of CO 2 to the atmosphere from estuaries (+0.27 ± 0.23 PgC yr −1 ) is ∼26% to ∼55% lower than previous estimates while the sink of atmospheric CO 2 over continental shelf seas (−0.21 ± 0.36 PgC yr −1 ) is at the low end of the range of previous estimates (−0.22 to −1.00 PgC yr −1 ). The air-sea CO 2 flux per surface area over continental shelf seas (−0.7 ± 1.2 molC m −2 yr −1 ) is the double of the value in the open ocean based on the most recent CO 2 climatology. The largest uncertainty of scaling approaches remains in the availability of CO 2 data to describe the spatial variability, and to capture relevant temporal scales of variability. Citation: Laruelle, G. G., H. H. Dürr, C. P. Slomp, and A. V. Borges (2010), Evaluation of sinks and sources of CO 2 in the global coastal ocean using a spatially-explicit typology of estuaries and continental shelves,
Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: A synthesis
Biogeosciences Discussions
A quantification of carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean and across its boundaries, specifically the air-sea, land-tocoastal-ocean and coastal-to-open-ocean interfaces, is important for assessing the current state and projecting future trends in ocean carbon uptake and coastal ocean acidification, but is currently a missing component of global carbon budgeting.
The ocean as a net heterotrophic system: Implications From the carbon biogeochemical cycle
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1987
The global ocean apparently consumes more organic carbon than it produces. The excess heterotrophy probably occurs in the nearshore zone. This nearshore heterotrophy has significant implications with respect to processes such as organic matter transport from the nearshore zone to the adjacent open ocean, nutrient limitation of primary production, and the role of the coastal zone as a short-term sink for anthropogenic CO 2. INTRODUCTION The global biogeochemical cycle of carbon has received much attention since the realization that CO 2 released from fossil fuel combustion and land use practices is accumulating in the atmosphere. The ocean has been recognized as the second major sink (after the atmosphere) for CO 2 released by human activities on land [e.g., Broecker et al., 1979]. Consequently, from both a scientific and a practical standpoint, it Copyright 1988 by the American Geophysical Union. Paper number 7J0755. oo is necessary that we understand interactions between the land and ocean involving fluxes in the global carbon cycle. Based on a reanalysis of existing global carbon flux data, we look in detail at carbon exchange between the land and ocean, and we attempt to make the following points: The global ocean is apparently a net heterotrophic system. The net heterotrophy occurs largely in the nearshore zone, especially in bays and estuaries that are natural sediment traps, probably with marginal net autotrophy offshore. There are important ecological and geochemical ramifications to this distribution of net trophic status and to the overall trophic status of the ocean.