‘Archaeological and cultural heritage management class’ in the context of preparation students for future challenges in commercial archaeology (original) (raw)
Through the years the concepts of archaeology have been changed. The history of archaeology is primarily the history of ideas and the theory behind the way of which people perceived their past. The record of developing research methods and the discoveries come later, as the antiquarianism turned into science, around one hundred and fifty years ago. The archaeology of the 19 th and the beginning of the 20 th century is mostly associated with great discoveries such as the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of Kings, the lost Maya cities of Central America (Renfrew, Bahn 2000). On this basis, the commonly known image has grown, the picture of an archaeologist, as an adventurer travelling the world in pursuit of lost treasures. The popular culture only consolidated this stereotype. Today word 'archaeologist' has the same meaning as 'Indiana Jones'. This was not until 1960's, when archaeology changed the way it had worked. The birth of the New Archaeology and later movements (i.e. processual archaeology) brought this discipline closer to other sciences (Trigger 2003). The new approaches changed an adventurous gentleman into a scientist. Archaeology has always served science. A carefully selected site was excavated to obtain maximal results in terms of answering previously asked questions. From the stage of collecting antiquities it evolved, through collecting a find and information about its environment, to the level of recognisable science with its methodology and theory. However, at the turn of new century, archaeology yet again needs to meet the new demands. The ubiquitous development of infrastructure led to a debate on the protection of archaeological heritage. Suddenly a vast area of land and seabed became a field of competition between investors and archaeologists (Maarleveld & Auer 2009; Maarleveld 1998). The concern of importance of protecting archaeological and cultural heritage effected creation of The Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological heritage of Europe (also known as Valletta Treaty or Malta Convention), which was ratified in 1992. The document aims to protect the heritage 'as a source of European collective memory and as an instrument for historical and scientific study. All remains and objects and any other traces of humankind from past times are considered elements of the archaeological heritage. The notion of I have contacted eleven universities around the world which teach students on their maritime-archaeology-related faculties 1 . The list of the contacted universities is as follows (in alphabetic order): Alexandria University (Egypt), Bristol University (United Kingdom), East
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