COMPARISON OF TWO PERSONALITY THEORIES: CLASSICAL PSYCHOANALYSIS & INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY Personality Psychology and Theories (original) (raw)

2020, A Comparison of Freud and Adler

Personality is basically the behaviors that is demonstrated around other people, it contains individual characteristics and distinctive behaviors (Morgan, 2013). There is a pattern in individual's genuine reactions and attitudes and Personality Psychology deals with these patterns that makes people unique (Köroğlu & Bayraktar, 2011). The main theories of Personal Psychology is psychodynamic approach, phenomenological approach, trait approaches, behavioral approaches, social cognitive approach and structural approach (Cervone & Pervine, 2016). In this comparison classical psychoanalysis, namely psychodynamic approach, and individual psychology will be evaluated. 1. Classical Theory of Psychoanalysis Before Freud, it is believed that the reasons for behavioral disorders were of heredity and neural. He presented the psychodynamic theory and introduced the topographical model of mind and the regards towards human changed since. In topographical model, there are three levels of consciousness: conscious, preconscious and unconscious. Conscious is a regulating center which contains the internal sensations of the body and the sensations from the physical environment. Emotions, thoughts, causations, time, location and associations are constituted by reality. Preconscious is like a place where the memories and stored knowledge is hidden and retrievable by associations but do not present in conscience at that time (Altıntaş & Güntekin, 2005). Unconscious is a psychedelic vortex where repressed desires, inner beliefs, thoughts and wishes are blended in an abstract expressionist picture. The repressed materials are not easily accessible. Psychic energy is another important notion posed by Freud that serves to biological and psychological mechanisms of humans which operates the three system of personality: Id, ego, superego (Ersevim, 2000). Id is the basis of personality which serves to discharge immediately the sensational stimulations