Economic and Environmental Assessments for Constructing New Roads: Case Study of Al-Muthanna Highway in Baghdad City (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of Road Investment Project Effectiveness
The Engineering Economics, 2010
Roads in Lithuania are financed only from collected road taxes; however, this funding is not sufficient for road maintenance and improvement. Lithuanian Road Administration under the Ministry of Transport and Communications allocates the funding received from European Regional Development Fund as follows: improvement of pavement of regional roads, implementation of traffic safety and environmental measures, and implementation of Gravel Roads Paving Programme. Since 2004 road projects in Lithuania have been financed from European Union funds. Unfortunately these financial resources are not sufficient for the implementation of all road investment projects in Lithuania. The problem of selecting the most effective road investment projects is becoming more and more acute. Road investment project alternatives have to be appraised in an integrated manner using mathematical models in addition to economic, social and environmental criteria. Scientific problem-road investment projects are often appraised from economic, social and environmental viewpoints separately by applying different mathematical models and without using the principle of sustainable development and multi-criteria appraisal methods for integrated analysis of road investments. The authors propose to select criteria from sustainable environment components, which best reflect economic, social and environmental aspects. It should be noted that these economic, social and environmental aspects are interrelated and complementary, and therefore influence the appraisal of road investment projects. The article analyses and evaluates the effectiveness of road investment project alternatives by combining economic, social and environmental aspects and processing the data using expert and multi-criteria appraisal methods. Scientific novelty-an integrated evaluation of economic, social and environmental aspects by using multi-criteria appraisal methods is proposed. The aim of the research-to present the road investment project appraisal methodology based on the principle of sustainable development and perform the appraisal of the alternative projects by making computations according to expert and TOPSIS (Technique for the Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) appraisal methods. The object of the research-road investment projects. The methods of the research-expert and multicriteria appraisal method TOPSIS is applied.
Enhancement of Pavement Condition and Its Impact on Pavement.pdf
www.iiste.org, 2018
The cost saving regarding vehicles operation, travel time and road maintenance has one eye-catching benefit via increasing pavement sustainability through maintaining the material sources and reducing the emissions of gases resulted from the processing of derivative products. Furthermore, the rate of increase of traffic on unpaved road is considered as a strong indicator to construct paved roads over this area. In the present paper, the Nasiriya-Abu Ghar road was studied. It is one of the important unpaved roads. Its importance lies in the transport of construction materials from Abu Ghar quarries to the near provinces in Iraq, such as Dhi Qar Province. Abu Ghar quarries are considered as one of the most important quarries because it contains different construction materials such as gravel, limestone and sand. These materials have high engineering properties. Thus, the absence of a paved road linking Abu Ghar quarries with the surrounding areas, especially the province of Dhi Qar, encouraged to conduct a technical and economic feasibility study to highlight it and to help the decisionmakers to implement the project. The present study contributes in statement of the economic and environmental feasibility of the construction of a new suggested road over the old unpaved one. The study depends on the hypothesis that the old road has a bad condition while the new one is an asphaltic concrete pavement with a good condition. The manual counting method of traffic volume was used from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm for 7 days to determine the peak hour volume and average daily traffic. Road's construction and maintenance costs were estimated. Saving in the road user costs for both existing (old) and new-suggested roads were calculated to be considered as benefits. The economic study is achieved by comparing the discounted total road costs and their benefits to the basic year (starting year of the project). In the present study, the adopted discount rate is 8%. To find the economic feasibility, some criteria were tested. These criteria are: Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit– Cost Ratio (B/C) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results show that NPV has a positive value equals to 40,269,371 US$, which means that benefits are greater than costs. Furthermore, B/C ratio was 2.54; comparing with a value of 1.0, which is encouraging. Finally, the IRR was located between discount rates of 20% and 25 %, with a value of 22.9% which is higher than 8% "the recommended in the road projects".
Involving the sustainability assessment in the phases of road development project has become necessary to avoid unforeseen consequences. In Iraq, there is a noticeable lack of the environmental and social assessment of the development project. The economic assessment also needs to consider the project life cycle. The unavailability of validated and comprehensive methodologies of assessment is the main obstacle. Therefore, this study aims to outline a methodology of environmental, social and economic (ESE) assessment during pre-construction stages. The rehabilitation and upgrading project of Al-Nebai-Baghdad Highway is selected for this study. The ESE indicators are selected based on the available data and techniques. The needed data; traffic volume, pavement condition, and geometric design characteristics; are collected to process the engineering and the ESE assessment through aggregating several methodologies and analyse the results using thr cost-effectiveness technique. The results of the engineering assessment showed upgrading the traffic level of service to D due to adding a lane when the pavement condition was upgraded to good condition due to a new overlay. The results of the environmental assessment in terms of vehicle emission stated that the new pavement reduced the emission by1831967 tons but the emission due to widening increased by 1046100 tons. The social assessment indicated that the road casualties reduced by 38.5% but it boosted over the service life. The economical assessment demonstrated the worthiness of the project; the Net Present Value is 76,153,580$, the B/C is 3.45 and the IRR is 35.04. It can be concluded that the ESE assessment is applicable and effective in figuring out the negative and positive consequences over the service life. However, improving the data collection system can enhance the comprehensiveness of the adopted methodologies and consider more indicators.
An Economic Analysis of Selected Road Projects in Noida India
NOIDA which is a part of national capital region of India located near to Delhi frequented with heavy traffic jams due to ever increasing vehicle population. In order to sort out the traffic problems in the city, NOIDA authority are building-up new flyovers, bridges and underpasses at various locations of the city. As a well-developed transportation network is vital to the economic development of the area. High quality road network increases the potential of any economic system by helping both consumer and producer. Traffic congestions are major bottleneck of smooth functioning of a city transportation network. With increase in vehicle population commuters spends more time in traffic jam and loses precious time which could have been utilised in productive activities otherwise. It also causes wasteful fuel expenditure which directly affects the country's exchequer. Thus creation of new road infrastructures as well as periodic maintenance of the existing one has long term economic benefits. The economic benefits are calibrated by carrying out cost-benefit analysis of the expenditures incurred and benefits created vide Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR). The robustness of the projects is confirmed by carrying out a sensitivity analysis in changed costs condition. NOIDA authority have planned to cconstruct a north – south underpass (2 numbers) of length 0.6 km on Har Singar Marg at MP-2 Road intersection in X-ing of Sector – 25 &25 A and Sector-31 & 32 A and an elevated road 2 of length 2.2 km on Tulsi Marg intersection between sector 27 &19 up to Spice Mall. Here an attempt has been made to carry out an economic analysis of the above-mentioned projects. A factor of 0.85 has been adopted to convert financial costs into economic costs. The EIRR for underpass estimated
An Economic Analysis of Improvement of Road Infrastructure Project A Case Study
A well-developed transportation network is vital to the economic development of the country. High quality road network increases the potential of any economic system by helping both consumer and producer. Traffic congestions are major bottleneck of smooth functioning of a city transportation network. With increase in vehicle population commuters spends more time in traffic jam and loses precious time which could have been utilised in productive activities otherwise. It also causes wasteful fuel expenditure which directly affects the country's exchequer. Thus creation of new road infrastructures as well as periodic maintenance of the existing one has long term economic benefits. The economic benefits are calibrated by carrying out cost-benefit analysis of the expenditures incurred and benefits created vide Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR). The bustling city of Chandigarh is always frequented with heavy traffic jam due to ever increasing vehicle population. In order to sort out the traffic problems in the city, the engineering department of Union Territory of Chandigarh is building-up one flyover, one bridge and three underpasses at various locations of the city. Here an attempt has been made to carry out an economic analysis of the above-mentioned projects. A factor of 0.85 has been adopted to convert financial costs into economic costs. The EIRR for flyover is estimated to be 15.57%, bridge to be 21.05%, underpass between sector 9 &17 to be 15.05%, underpass between sector 34 & 35 to be 14.14% and underpass between sector 22 & 35 to be 14.16%. The sensitivity analysis also proved the economic viability all the projects. Overall the proposed investment programmes are economically viable.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
The significant impact of infrastructure projects on the environment has created needs to assess its sustainability and responsiveness which indirectly respond to carbon emission reduction. A rating system is widely utilized as a tool to analyze the sustainability of buildings or infrastructures. Malaysia is one of the advanced nations which applies in road green rating system, whereby two rating systems for roads are established; MyGHI for highways and pHJKR (Roads) for non-tolled roads. Preliminary study on pHJKR (Roads) identified that this rating tool assesses road sustainability performance only at planning, design & construction stages. Since the establishment of pHJKR (Roads), no re-assessment has been carried out after the roads begin to operate. Whilst in sustainability resiliency, it is important to sustain its engineering and enhance its performance and services including carbon assessment, under operation and maintenance (O&M) of roads. This paper highlights the methodology of development for assessment criteria and elements during the operation and maintenance phase. The methodology leads to proposed score development which later will be used in association to index indicator for O&M pHJKR (Roads). The data for this study is gathered and analyzed from a comprehensive review of current pHJKR (Roads) with a comparison made to national and cross-nation green road rating index. An expert panel discussion will also be utilized as a method of verification in order to identify suitable sustainability factors during O&M. The outcome of the study will be proposed for the enhancement of pHJKR (Roads) with assessment criteria for operation and maintenance phase and eventually leads to the establishment of multiple life cycle phases for pHJKR (Roads).
An Economic Analysis of Improvement of Road Infrastructure: A Case Study
2015
A well-developed transportation network is vital to the economic development of the country. High quality road network increases the potential of any economic system by helping both consumer and producer. Traffic congestions are major bottleneck of smooth functioning of a city transportation network. With increase in vehicle population commuters spends more time in traffic jam and loses precious time which could have been utilised in productive activities otherwise. It also causes wasteful fuel expenditure which directly affects the country’s exchequer. Thus creation of new road infrastructures as well as periodic maintenance of the existing one has long term economic benefits. The economic benefits are calibrated by carrying out cost-benefit analysis of the expenditures incurred and benefits created vide Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR). The bustling city of Chandigarh is always frequented with heavy traffic jam due to ever increasing vehicle population. In order to sort out...
Roadway Performance Assessment.pdf
Transportation makes the way of moving from one place to another between the cities and towns. It is called the organ of circulation of a city. The flow of the vehicles assumes the standard and importance of a road. Muradpur-Dewanhat road is the only Major and important road of Chittagong city which encompasses a huge number of vehicles every day. In this road some important intersections are Muradpur, Dui no. Gate, GEC and Dewanhat. This road links the city with Dhaka Chittagong Highway, Patenga sea beach, airport and many other important places. The traffic system of the city is dependent greatly on the performance of this road. Calculating level of service is the best way to understand the performance of a road. This study is mainly focused on the calculation of level of service of the road from through different types of survey like volume, speed and capacity. Again the performance of a road is greatly dependent on the geometric design of the intersections within that road. In this study an attempt to measure geometric design of the major intersections of the road is also taken. The analysis of the study reflects the actual condition of the Muradpur-Dewanhat link road. Improve the performance of this road some recommendations and proposals has been included which will help further decision making process in Chittagong city.
red0;;; A study of Current Status of Indian Road Projects
Road infrastructure has been a key input in the economic growth and poverty reduction strategies of India. the development of road is given prior Importance as, in India 60 percent of total goods and 85 percent of total passenger traffic is carried by Road networks and as a result Total Today length of road is increased more than 11 times during last 60 years between 1951 to 2011.The most important aspect which affects the road construction is Financing tools. India heavily relies on international institutions and fuel taxes. However, current modalities of road financing will be insufficient to meet future investment needs requiring her to explore new mechanisms to attract private capital and expand the fiscal space of central and sub-national government.. Facilitating the participation of the private sector in road development would require inter alia strengthening regulatory frameworks and deepening and broadening domestic financial markets. But given the strong public good characteristics of large segments of the road networks in India most of the funding for road construction and maintenance would need to come from the establishment of efficient and sustainable systems of earmarked road-related charges. Thus the present paper deals with the present progress of various national and state projects going on in India with the details of the various financing scheme available to the government. The aim of the paper is to execute the various models that can be adopted by the governance for financing in order to get most efficient and qualitative road networks for the country.
Assessment the Performance of Roadway: A Study on Muradpur to Dewanhat Road, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Bangladesh Planning Research Conference (BPRC), 2016
Transportation makes the way of moving from one place to another between the cities and towns. It is called the organ of circulation of a city. The flow of the vehicles assumes the standard and importance of a road. Muradpur-Dewanhat road is the only Major and important road of Chittagong city which encompasses a huge number of vehicles every day. In this road some important intersections are Muradpur, Dui no. Gate, GEC and Dewanhat. This road links the city with Dhaka Chittagong Highway, Patenga sea beach, airport and many other important places. The traffic system of the city is dependent greatly on the performance of this road. Calculating level of service is the best way to understand the performance of a road. This study is mainly focused on the calculation of level of service of the road from through different types of survey like volume, speed and capacity. Again the performance of a road is greatly dependent on the geometric design of the intersections within that road. In this study an attempt to measure geometric design of the major intersections of the road is also taken. The analysis of the study reflects the actual condition of the Muradpur-Dewanhat link road. Improve the performance of this road some recommendations and proposals has been included which will help further decision making process in Chittagong city.