Integration of Wind Energy System in Shipboard using Frequency converter (original) (raw)
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IEEE Electrification Magazine, 2019
IEEE Electrification Magazine / DECEMBER 2019 ECENT RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS in electrical power systems for marine vessels have introduced early applications of shipboard electricity to modern power systems. Initially, power electronics had found extensive application in some vessel categories, i.e., platform supply vessels, where dynamic positioning systems require strong control capabilities to maintain position in specialized operations. Following this opening into electric propulsion, ships have experienced more significant use of electric energy onboard, pushing designers and manufacturers to implement the all-electric ship concept. Today, electrical loads in marine applications consist of propulsion systems and auxiliary, hotel, and service loads in a large variety of vessels. A power plant, usually composed of synchronous diesel generators, provides power for the entire system through a low-voltage (LV) or medium-voltage (MV) distribution system. The typical electric power demand is in the range of tens of megawatts and
A Review of DC Shipboard Microgrids Part I: Power Architectures, Energy Storage and Power Converters
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021
Integrated power systems (IPSs) are popular in the shipbuilding industry. DC shipboard microgrids (dc-SMGs) have many advantages compared with ac ones in terms of system efficiency, operation flexibility, component size, and fault protection performance. Being in the exploring stage, dc-SMGs have several potential configurations with different system architectures and voltage levels. In a dc-SMG, functional blocks integrated include power generation modules (PGMs), propulsion system, high power loads, and pulse loads specifically in naval ships. In modern ships, the PGMs include not only generators and fuel cells (FCs) but also energy storage systems (ESSs), which cooperate with generators to improve the overall efficiency and reliability. High power electric converters are vital interfaces between the functional blocks and the dc distribution system. Rectifiers for generators take the tasks of dc bus voltage regulation and power sharing. Inverters for propulsion motors are responsible for the motor drive in different operating conditions. Bidirectional dc/dc converters for ESSs are used to provide supply-demand balance and voltage fluctuation mitigation. This paper makes a comprehensive review of power architecture, functional blocks including electrical machines and energy storage, as well as power converters in dc shipboard power systems.
In recent years, more and more evidence suggests that the global energy system is on the verge of a drastic revolution. The evolutionary development in power electronic technologies, the emerging highperformance energy storage devices, as well as the ever increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) are commonly recognized as the major driven force of the revolution, the outburst of customer electronics and new kinds of household electronics is also powering this change. In this context, dc power distribution technologies have made a comeback and keep gaining a commendable increase in research interests and industrial applications. In addition, the concept of flexible and smart distribution has also been proposed, which tends to exploit distributed generation and pack the distributed RESs and local electrical loads as an independent and self-sustainable entity, namely microgrid. At present, the research of dc microgrid has investigated and developed a series of advanced methods in control, management and objective-oriented optimization, which would found the technical interface enabling the future applications in multiple industrial areas, such as smart buildings, electric vehicles, aerospace/aircraft power systems, as well as maritime power systems.
Shipboard Microgrids: Maritime Islanded Power Systems Technologies
2016
The development of electrical power systems in maritime applications like ships, ferries, vessels and seaports are calling for more advanced technologies integrating power electronics, energy storage devices, control and supervisory systems and onboard communications. The challenges of those electrical isolated systems are being solved in other terrestrial microgrid applications, so that many ideas and concepts can be shifted and adapted in order to reduce the fuel consumption in marine applications. Compared with terrestrial microgrid applications, the concept of AC and DC SMGs are presented in this paper. Several relevant technologies and standards are provided to ensure adequate power quality and fuel efficiency in ship systems. However, there are still technological challenges and de-risking studies related to the control, protection and management of the system to be performed yet.
Control of Hybrid Diesel/PV/Battery/Ultra-Capacitor Systems for Future Shipboard Microgrids
Energies, 2019
In recent times, concerns over fossil fuel consumption and severe environmental pollution have grabbed attention in marine vessels. The fast development in solar technology and the significant reduction in cost over the past decade have allowed the integration of solar technology in marine vessels. However, the highly intermittent nature of photovoltaic (PV) modules might cause instability in shipboard microgrids. Moreover, the penetration is much more in the case of utilizing PV panels on ships due to the continuous movement. This paper, therefore, presents a frequency sharing approach to smooth the effect of the highly intermittent nature of PV panels integrated with the shipboard microgrids. A hybrid system based on an ultra-capacitor and a lithium-ion battery is developed such that high power and short term fluctuations are catered by an ultra-capacitor, whereas long duration and high energy density fluctuations are catered by the lithium-ion battery. Further, in order to cater ...
2021
A hybrid ship power system with fuel cell and storage system batteries/supercapacitors can be developed by adding renewable energy sources. Adding PV to the hybrid system enhances the system's reliability and dependability. However, a high-level control strategy is needed to manage the generated power between the fuel cell and the photovoltaic array and determine the suitable time to charge or discharge the stored energy according to the load demand. The perfect solution is using an intelligent neural network technique to control the ship's hybrid power system because of the system's nonlinearity and the existence of pulsing and highdensity load demand. This paper introduces an intelligent artificial neural network (ANN) technique that depends on previous experience. ANN is flexible and easy to modify, adding/removing power system components, and be scaled to any ship power system rating. Simulation results using MATLAB software prove that the robust, intelligent power m...
AC Ship Microgrids: Control and Power Management Optimization
Energies
At sea, the electrical power system of a ship can be considered as an islanded microgrid. When connected to shore power at berth, the same power system acts as a grid connected microgrid or an extension of the grid. Therefore, ship microgrids show some resemblance to terrestrial microgrids. Nevertheless, due to the presence of large dynamic loads, such as electric propulsion loads, keeping the voltage and frequency within a permissible range and ensuring the continuity of supply are more challenging in ship microgrids. Moreover, with the growing demand for emission reductions and fuel efficiency improvements, alternative energy sources and energy storage technologies are becoming popular in ship microgrids. In this context, the integration of multiple energy sources and storage systems in ship microgrids requires an efficient power management system (PMS). These challenging environments and trends demand advanced control and power management solutions that are customized for ship microgrids. This paper presents a review on recent developments of control technologies and power management strategies proposed for AC ship microgrids.
Optimization-Based Power and Energy Management System in Shipboard Microgrid: A Review
IEEE Systems Journal, 2022
The increasing demands for reducing greenhouse emissions and improving fuel efficiency of marine transportation have presented opportunities for electric ships. Due to the complexity of multiple power resources coordination, varied propulsion loads, changeable economical and environmental requirements, power/energy management system (PMS/EMS) becomes essential in both designing and operational processes. The existing literature on PMS/EMS can be categorized into rulebased and optimization-based approaches. Compared to the rulebased PMS/EMS, which relies heavily on human expertise, as well as predefined strategies and priorities, the optimization-based approaches can offer more efficient solutions and are more widely used nowadays. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the marine optimization-based power/energy management system and discusses the future trends of PMS/EMS in ship power systems.
Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Voltage Stabilization in Shipboard Microgrids
2019 9th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES), 2019
Due to increasing environmental concerns associated with the fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions by marine vessels, world is moving towards sustainable energy resources such as solar, wind and so on. Renewable energy sources are found out to be a significant source of energy as they are sustainable and clean as compared to traditional generation sources, for instance, the burning of fossil fuels, diesel generators, steam engines, etc. As solar energy is one of the cheapest, abundant and cleanest source of energy, therefore, it has the potential to be the most utilized source of energy along with energy storage systems (ESS) for future yachts and ferries. However, partial shading effect and intermittent nature of photovoltaic (PV) systems cause fluctuations in voltage that can potentially disturb the voltage profile, therefore may instigate instability in shipboard microgrids, if not properly managed. This paper, therefore, proposes a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) comprising of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery and ultracapacitor having the capability to mitigate fluctuations caused by the partial shading effect in PV panels. The control system is based on frequency sharing approach in which high-frequency components are handled by the ultra-capacitor whereas lowfrequency components are handled by the Li-ion battery. The proposed methodology is simulated using MATLAB/ SINULINK and various scenarios of power sharing are highlighted for the validation of the proposed scheme. Index Terms-Frequency sharing, hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), shipboard microgrids, battery energy storage system (BESS), partial shading, photovoltaic (PV) systems.