IJERT-Analysis of Deployment Strategies in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) (original) (raw)
Related papers
2015
Rangkaian sensor tanpa wayar (WSNs) banyak-ke-satu (berasaskan korona), mempunyai banyak aplikasi yang berpotensi termasuk pemantauan alam sekitar, pemantauan kesihatan bioperubatan, dan pengumpulan data. Many-to-one corona-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have many potential applications, including environmental monitoring, biomedical health monitoring, and data gathering. In a many-to-one network, sensor nodes located around the sink to relay data, consume more energy and die earlier compared to those in remote locations
Load management scheme for energy holes reduction in wireless sensor networks
Computers & Electrical Engineering, 2015
In a wireless sensor network where sensors are arranged into a flat topology, sensors near the sink consume much more energy than sensors at the boundary of the network. Sensors near the sink relay many packets than far away sensors to the sink. After these sensors expire, energy holes are created near the sink. Therefore, other sensors cannot reach to the sink and the network becomes disconnected. In this paper, we propose some strategies that can balance energy consumption of the deployed sensors and reduce energy holes from the network by balancing the communication load as equally as possible. We performed extensive experiments on the proposed algorithm using various network scenarios and compared it with other existing algorithms. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed work in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, and other important network parameters.
On the deployment of large-scale wireless sensor networks considering the energy hole problem
Computer Networks, 2016
Heterogeneous sensor networks have been proposed to address some fundamental limits and performance issues present in homogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Questions such as the number of high-end sensors should be used, and how to deploy them, need proper assessment. In this work, we propose a novel model capable of representing a wide variety of scenarios, from totally random to planned stochastic node deployment in both homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. In particular, this model encompasses networks with the characteristics of small-world networks. Using only about 3% of high-end sensors, and deploying nodes by using the slightly attractive model defined herein, we observe improved characteristics of the network topology, such as: (i) low average path length, (ii) high clustering coefficient, and (iii) improved relay task distribution among sensors. We also provide a guide for deploying nodes in order to improve the network lifetime, showing that the aforementioned model can be used to diminish the energy hole effect. Moreover, we evaluate a topological metric, namely Sink Betweenness, suitable for characterizing the relay task of a node.
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is fashioned by a huge amount of distributed sensors jointly with an information collector, denoted as the sink node. Each distributed sensor node has the potential to gather and forward any sensed data back to more than one sink nodes through their wireless transceiver in a multihop mode. However the significance of using mobile sinks is to prevent the energy hole formation and reduction of energy consumption in WSN. The critical issue occurs in WSN is to prevent energy holes by means of balancing energy consumption in each sensor nodes. These constraints have directed and made exhaustive research attempts on designing various energy-efficient protocols. In this paper several methods and protocols has been surveyed for the analysis of energy hole problem and design of energy efficient. Finally comparative measures of each method are presented which provides the significance and limitations of each method or protocol in terms of performance measures in Wireless sensor network (WSN).
Avoidance of Energy Holes in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review
2018 7th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO)
This survey is prepared to have an understanding about energy holesin wireless sensor networks, variousmechanisms to avoid them and a comparative study of these mechanisms. The sensing devices called nodes which are installed in the vicinity of base station (BS) requireto forward data from far-flung nodes (since distantnodes require more energy to transmit, hence they route their data through multiple hops until it reaches the base station) in addition toforwarding their own datawhichmakes the energy of these nodesdrain more rapidly than the rest of the nodes due to this extra work of relaying.Thus nodes near the sink die out faster leading to creation of energy holes.Due to the presence of energy holes data cannot be forwarded to BSsince the nodes near to BS which feed data to BS have died out, even though the rest of the nodes of the network are still alive having highremaining energy and are continuously sensing and transmitting. Thus the lifespan of the network isdecreased. So, energy hole is a major problem in WSNs which should be avoided. Although energy holes cannot be removed completely from WSNbut with the application of various energy saving schemes, they can be avoided and lifetime of the network can be prolonged.
A Balanced Energy-Consuming and Hole-Alleviating Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
In wireless sensor networks, energy balancing and energy efficiency are the key requirements to prolong the network lifetime. In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy hole, in which sensor nodes located near the sink or in some other parts of the network die early due to unbalanced load distribution. Moreover, there is a dire need to utilize the energy resource efficiently. For this purpose, balanced energy consumption and hole alleviation, and energy-aware balanced energy-consuming and hole-alleviating algorithms are proposed. These algorithms balance the distribution of load along with efficient energy consumption. An optimal distance and energy-based transmission strategy with least expected error rate is adopted to forward the data packets of different sizes. Furthermore, the data distribution between high-energy consuming nodes and low-energy consuming nodes in each corona is analyzed. This distribution enables the proposed algorithms to outperform their counterparts in term of network lifetime, balanced energy consumption, and throughput on the cost of increased end-to-end delay. INDEX TERMS Wireless sensor networks, energy balancing, energy hole alleviation, throughput maximization, linear optimization.
Energy Efficient Deployment and Scheduling of Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless sensor networks being energy constrained systems, one major problem is to deploy the sensor nodes in such a manner so as to ensure maximum coverage and connectivity with optimal number of nodes and furthermore elongate network lifetime with maximum energy utilization. In this paper, the above problem has been tackled for a linear array and the concept has been extended to two-dimensional array of sensor nodes. A node deployment strategy has been devised which ensures equal energy dissipation for all the nodes through a trade-off between idle and sleep times while ensuring minimal energy dissipation for the entire network during each data gathering cycle. Furthermore the deployment scheme being developed for equidistant placement of nodes, a 100 percent coverage and connectivity has been guaranteed with radio ranges remaining within appreciable limits. Extensive simulations have been carried out with encouraging outcomes and the results that have been obtained show that the network lifetime is also enhanced compared to previous schemes.
" DETECTION AND MINIMIZATION OF ENERGY HOLES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK " Supervised By
An area where a group of sensor nodes stops working and does not take part in data sensing and communication is termed as a hole in the network. Holes are the barriers for communication. Holes have a huge impact on the performance of the network. Hole detection identifies damaged, attacked, or inaccessible nodes. If there is a hole in the network then data will be routed along the hole boundary nodes again and again which will lead to premature exhaustion of energy present at these nodes. This will ultimately increase the size of hole in the network. Detection and minimization of holes avoids the additional energy consumption around holes because of congestion. It assures long network life and adequate quality of service. A wireless sensor network is a network that is made of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes which are densely deployed in an unattended environment with the capabilities of sensing, wireless communications, and computations. Sensor nodes are tiny, low power devices equipped with processor, memory, radio, actuator, and power supply. Radio transmitters and receivers help sensor nodes to communicate with each other. Some of the challenges in WSNs are node deployment, energy consumption, node heterogeneity, data aggregation, and fault tolerance. Hole detection is one of the major problems in WSN. Holes affect the network capacity and perceptual coverage of the network. Due to limited battery the nodes may die with passage of time. In case of random deployment, there is a huge possibility that all areas of target region are not covered properly leading to formation of holes. Detection and minimization of holes is important because of their negative and damaging effects. WSNs have myriad of interdisciplinary applications such as weather forecasting, battlefield surveillance, threat identification, health monitoring, environment monitoring, and wild life monitoring. All those applications that demand random deployment and uncontrolled environment suffer from holes problem. Thus, hole minimization can be useful for all disciplines of sciences and engineering. We proposed a project based on algorithm to practically minimize energy hole which aim to give the solution of energy hole problem of area coverage in WSNs.
Nodes Deployment Strategies for Sensor Networks: An Investigation
2016
The progresses in modern technology have directed the improvement in sensors forming a wireless network/system, which over the years is used in many fields like military, industry, medical firm, buildings, etc. Generally, the deployment pattern of sensors in Sensor systems is random and uniform for different kinds of applications. Sometimes, this pattern leads to the ineffectual utilization of the network resources; e.g. a smaller quantity of sensors are distributed in remote areas while more number of sensors are located in some areas and some part of the zone is not under the observation of any sensor node. It is possible that some part of the network consumes extra power as compared to other part of the network area. Due to lack of node availability some part may not transfer the information. The proposed investigation is intended to review and compared the existing work with respect to the effective deployment of nodes in sensor systems. The deployment strategies have different effect on different requirements, like energy balanced utilization, life improvement, connectivity and the coverage. Here we analyzed the effectiveness of the existing deployment strategies over different critical issues of sensor systems
Wireless sensor networks are embedded with distributed set of sensor nodes that are cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, and send their information to a " sink " node over multi hop wireless communication links. The sensor nodes battery energy depletion will significantly affect the network lifetime of a WSN. Most researchers have aimed to design energy-aware routing protocol to minimize the usage of the battery energy to prolong network lifetimes. This paper proposes a sink relocation approach for efficient utilization of sensor " s battery energy called Energy Efficient Sink Relocation Scheme (E-SRS) which considers regulation of transmission coverage range depend on the residual energy of a sensor node. The EE-SRS proposed in this paper discusses the algorithm to find the optimal place for relocating the sink, and " when and where to relocate the sink ". The EE-SRS algorithm is developed and simulated using network simulator. The performance analysis has also been done in terms of the network lifetime, throughput and packet delay.