Cross-linguistic investigation of Greek and Latin prefixes: Spanish and English contrastively (original) (raw)
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The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Morphology
2021
This chapter is devoted to the word formation process referred to as "parasynthesis", which involves an attachment of two affixes (a prefix and a suffix) for a categorial change to happen. After defining the concept and providing some prototypical examples that illustrate this word formation process (Section 2), I proceed to comment on some relevant empirical aspects and the main descriptive proposals of parasynthesis (Section 3). Next, a syntactic analysis is posited, which aims to solve the conundrum of an apparently simultaneous attachment of two affixes to form the parasynthetic word (Section 4). Finally, the chapter concludes with some brief remarks (Section 5).
Decomposition English And Mandailing Prefixes: A Contrastive Study
Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ)
This study deals with the decomposition analysis of prefixes in English and Mandailing Natal Language. The purpose is to find out the similarities and differences of prefixes in both languages. The data of this research were obtained by conducting library research and field research. The data were analyzed and compared to find out the similarities and differences. The findings indicated that there are some of them only found in one language. There are types of the prefix in English (e.g., un-, hyper-, under-, in-, mis-, super-, over-, pre-, inter-). In Mandailing Natal Language, there is the prefix (e.g., ma-, pa-, tar-, tarpa-, sa- and sasa-, um-). Both English and Mandailing Natal language can be found prefixes which are used to indicate a positive degree that is not found in English. There are some similarities and differences between prefixes in English and Mandailing Natal language.
Prefixes in contrast: Towards a meaning-based contrastive methodology for lexical morphology
Languages in Contrast, 2011
This paper proposes a meaning-based contrastive methodology for the study of prefixation in English, French and Italian which is easily adaptable to other languages and word-formation processes. Our discussion centres on some of the central methodological and theoretical issues involved in contrastive lexical morphology, an area which, to date, has largely remained under-researched. Precise defining criteria for derivative (and prefix) status are presented in order to decide what counts as a derivative (or as a prefix) and what does not. Emphasis is also put on a fined-grained semantic tertium comparationis elaborated for the cross-linguistic investigation of lexical morphology and based on a six-tiered semantic categorisation, viz. location, evaluation, negation, quantity, modality, and inchoativity, most of which are further divided into finer subcategories. This macro-approach makes it possible to draw important generalisations about the use of word-formation devices across languages.
Efthymiou, A. Fragaki G. & Markos A. (2015). Exploring the meaning and productivity of a polysemous prefix. The case of the Modern Greek prepositional prefix para-. Acta Linguistica Hungarica 62.4, pp. 447-476
This paper follows a corpus-based approach to the meaning and productivity of the Modern Greek prepositional prefix para-. A semantic categorization of the prefix is proposed and its productivity is measured across semantic categories, registers, text types and grammatical categories. Para-was found to be more productive in nonlocational and evaluative meanings. Its most productive meaning is excess, while the locational meaning of proximity still remains strong. It is also more productive in written than spoken registers and the grammatical category of nouns. The findings of the study can have implications about the prefix"s ongoing grammaticalization and its affixal status.
Space in Diachrony, 2017
An asymmetry is observed in Spanish between the Goal prefixes a- and en- and the Source prefix des-: while the former are not productively adjoined to verbal bases, the latter felicitously attaches to verbs in order to encode Source-oriented transition events. From a diachronic standpoint, it is shown that this asymmetry was not present in Latin, and that it was triggered by the evolution from a satellite-framed system (rich in prefixed verbs able to encode a Manner Co-event in the verbal root) to a verb-framed one (whose prefixed verbs can only encode an abstract Ground in the root of the verb). The different behaviour of a- and en-, on the one hand, and des-, on the other, can be accounted for by taking into consideration the different conceptual and structural complexity of Goal paths and Source paths. The present study offers a nanosyntactic analysis of the observed asymmetry which, in addition, fits the Goal bias and naturally explains the linear order in which Spanish directional prefixes appear in multi-prefixed verbs.
Mutual Word Borrowings between the English and the Spanish Languages
Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 2017
The contemporary world witnesses growing popularity of foreign languages learning and their role in the modern society. The article is devoted to the problem of mutual borrowings from English and Spanish languages. The aim of the article is to investigate new tendencies in the English words borrowings, their establishment in the Spanish language and the other way round. The Spanish language is one of the most widespread languages in the world and it is a native language for different nationalities. On the other hand, English has borrowed quite a lot of Spanish words as well. The mutual enrichment of the languages makes the process of language teaching specific and it is important in the modern process of globalization where languages are the main resource of international cooperation. The article contains both theoretical and practical materials dedicated to the investigation of this problem. This article may be useful for a wide range of readers, students, scientists, linguists in the study of modern Spanish and English languages.
The Spanish Morphology in Internet
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
This Web service tags morpholexically any Spanish word and it gets the corresponding forms starting from a canonical form and from the flexion asked for. In the verbs, it deals with the simple and compound conjugation, the enclitic pronouns, the flexion of the participle like verbal adjective and the diminutive of the gerund. With the nonverbal forms, this web service considers: gender and number, heteronomy for change of sex, superlative degree, adverbiation and the appreciative derivation. In the tag and in the generation the prefixation is taken into account. It allows the manipulation of morpholexical relationships. It offers a global vision of the behavior and productivity of the Spanish words in the principal processes of formation (sufixation, prefixation, parasinthesis, suppression, regression, zero-modification, apocopation, metathesis and others which are unclassifiable and that generate alternative graphical forms). It includes the principal Spanish lexicographic repertoires. It considers 151103 canonical forms that produce more than 4900000 flexioned and derived forms and about 90000 morpholexical relationships are established.
Metonymy in Spanish word formation
The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Morphology, 2021
In this chapter the existence of a link between metonymy and derivational word formation is presented. More specifically, a detailed exploration of word formation in Spanish by suffixation, understood in terms of metonymic processes, is offered. For this purpose, hundreds of derived words in European Spanish were systematically analysed according to three research strategies: a) a study in which a general metonymic classification of suffixal word formation in Spanish is presented (based on data extracted from Nueva gramática de la lengua española); b) a frequency analysis based on 700 derived words randomly excerpted from a corpus of contemporary Spanish (CREA); c) a second frequency analysis, in this case focused on the characteristics of the word formation present in Spanish neologisms (based on 500 derived words extracted from Banco de neologismos del Observatori de Neologia). The data presented in this chapter sheds light on the main principles that regulate suffixal word formation in Spanish from these three analytical points of view.