A Study on Path Loss and Shadowing for Wireless Communication Channels (original) (raw)
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Path Loss and Models: A Survey and Future Perspective for Wireless Communication Networks
Eswar Publications, 2023
Modern wireless systems for mobile communication use electromagnetic waves to transmit information over the air, enabling seamless connectivity for a wide range of devices. However, one of the key challenges in wireless communication paths is loss in the strength of propagated signals. Path loss refers to the reduction in signal strength as it propagates through the wireless channel. Path loss models are mathematical representations that capture the attenuation of signal power due to various factors such as distance, frequency, obstacles, and environmental conditions. Understanding and modeling path loss is crucial for designing and optimizing wireless communication systems, as it directly impacts the coverage area, link quality, and overall performance of the network. By accurately modeling path loss, engineers can also optimize various aspects of a wireless communication system, such as antenna placement; transmit power control, and interference mitigation, ultimately improving the broad-spectrum performance and reliability of the network. This paper investigates the concept of path loss in wireless communication networks and provides a comprehensive overview of its various models and their use in designing and implementation of networks. Furthermore, it reviews existing path loss models, and explains their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it discusses the current trends future research directions related to path loss and its models. The findings in this study can help them better design and implement robust wireless communication networks with improved signal quality and capacity.
Analysis of Path Loss Propagation Models in Mobile Communication
2020
The trend of exchanging information data will continuously increase due to the rapid development of mobile communication networks. The new fifth-generation (5G) technology is designed to support the ever increasing demand for internet traffic volume over wide coverage ranges. This paper focuses on the studies of empirical path loss prediction models for network planning of 5G mobile communication systems. The relationship between path loss and other wireless propagation parameters such as transmitter-receiver antennas separation distance, antenna heights, operating frequency are presented to improve the performance optimisation of wireless networks. The data provided in this paper was analysed in MATLAB computer program to predict signal path loss; estimate radio coverage; avoid interferences; and determine received power level. The results based on the studied model showed that the propagation path loss decreases in accordance with the increase in base station tower antenna height....
Path loss Prediction Models for Wireless Communication Channels and its Comparative Analysis
Allied Journals, 2015
The aim of this paper is investigate the performance of various path loss models in different environments for determination of the signal strength with respect to various frequency ranges and distance for wireless network. There are five path loss models, namely Free Space, Log-distance, Log-normal, Okumura/Hata, IEEE802.16d models. These models have been reviewed with different receiver antenna heights in urban, suburban and rural environments. Free space path loss model is used as reference value for produced the estimated results value. Then compare all estimated results of reviewed models with the reference model values. Hata model demonstrated good performance in terms of received signal strength or indirectly, reduction in path-loss. Log-normal model based on the shadowing effect while calculating the values of path-loss. IEEE802.16d model and log-normal model are similar. And it is a standard model used for the measurements of path-loss in sub-urban area. However, Hata model could be preferred due to better performance in terms of less path loss as compared with the results of reference model at lower receiver antenna heights for urban and open area environments.
AN ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF PATH LOSS MODELS FOR MOBILE CELLULAR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics , 2020
The paper deals with the study based on the comparative analysis of radio propagation models for mobile cellular wireless communication of global system for mobile at frequencies 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz, respectively. The path loss propagation models arevital tool for planning the wireless network as well as designed to predict path loss in a meticulous environment. Various propagation models: Free-space model, CCIR (ITU-R) model, Hata model, Ericson model, and Stanford University Interim (SUI) model have been studied and examined through analytically from the base station (BS) to mobile station (MS) and vice versa followed by respective simulation performance evaluation by using Matlab simulator. The observed data is collected at the operating frequency of 0.9 GHz from various environments (high density region and low density region) using the spectrum analyzer and path loss comparison is shown for different model.
2013
The mobile radio channel places strong limitations on the performance of wireless communication systems because the transmission principle in wireless communication is more complex than those of the wired networks. In this paper we discuss the radio propagation with an objective to provide an overview of various characteristics of radio channel and an understanding of the process and factors that influences these characteristics. Section I describe a typical outdoor scenario for terrestrial mobile radio channel and principle causes of information loss (multipath fading). Section II presents the various radio channel characteristics like path loss which is used to denote the local average received signal power relative to the transmit power and helps in providing the information on coverage area. Other higher order statistical characteristics such as level crossing rate (lcr) and average duration of fade (adf), which relates the time rate of change of the received signal to the signa...
Fading Characteristics over Wireless Channels
Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2019
Multipath fading is phenomena that may cause attenuation and distortion to the transmitted signal. The signal transmitted may be diffracted, refracted or reflected over a spread of times from obstacles such as ground, hills, building that are located in the transmission path between the transmitter and receiver sides. Multipath fading, therefore, needs to be taken into consideration when designing wireless radio communication systems. This study presents the key characteristics and simulation modelling for various types of fading channels in the wireless transmission system. Besides, an effort has been made to illustrate the performance comparison of different types of small-scale fading that are subjected to due to multipath delay spread in time and a movement of mobility. The simulations of small-scale fading over the wireless channel that are dependent on Doppler spread and delay spread were determined using communication toolbox in MATLAB.
Radio Wave Propagation: Simulation of Free Space Propagation Path Loss
In free space propagation, the propagation path between a transmitter and a receiver is direct to one another. Having no obstructions present in free space, there are minimal to no attenuation in signals. Still, there exists a free-space path loss. This is defined as the loss of the radio wave signal or its signal while it travels in free space. Determining the path loss is crucial for designing communication systems so that it can work at its best despite the issues that can be encountered. Additionally, path loss has been used in radio communications and wireless survey tools in order to identify the signal strength of antennas. With the increase in importance for wireless devices such as survey tools and software, it has become helpful to understand the concept of radio path loss as a whole. This paper focuses on simulating the free space propagation path loss to have a clear understanding of its function and the factors that affect it. The software used for this is MATLAB so that graphs can be obtained to have a direct and simple visual of the path loss.
Experimental Validation of Ray-tracing like Model for Indoor Wireless Propagation Path loss
In this work, near ground Radio frequency propagation path loss measurements from the floor were made in the faculty of science building, The Polytechnic Ibadan (7.4546°í µí±, 3.8919°í µí°¸). The measurements include open corridor, laboratories, offices and lecture hall. Comparisons between measured and simulated path loss values were made using Matlab R2016a simulations of Log–distance, ITU-R and Ray tracing models. Taking into consideration the effects of ground reflection/conductivity during measurement, the result is in good agreement with Ray-tracing model with the mean square error 1.15 and 0.77dBm for 900 and 1800MHz respectively. The mean path loss exponent, n, which indicates the rate at which path loss increases with distance, was found to be 5.16, which is in good agreement with international standard value for indoor wireless communication.
Path Loss Revisited Using Computer Simulation
2009
In this paper, we propose a computer simulation model for the study of the large-scale effects on narrowband wireless transmission systems. The development of the path loss model is based on the ray tracing technique. This study concentrates on the first-order scattering effects, namely each multipath signal is a two-hop signal that involves a single scattering object. The first hop is directed toward the scatterer from the transmitter; and the second hop goes from the scatterer to the receiver. For each hop the signal is described using a tworay model accounting for wave propagation along the direct path and along the ground-reflected path. The simulation results are consistent with the empirical models that are derived from measurements, including the Hata model and the Lee model. More importantly, two key observations are made: First, the path loss is affected by the number of scattering objects, their radar cross sections, and the ground reflection. Second, coherent multipath signals can cause the path-loss exponent falling below 2, which corresponds to free-space propagation.