Chizhevsky A. A. , Khisiametdinova A. A. Defensive Structures of the Cusp Settlements of the Volga-Kama Region in the Early Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages. Kazan, 2020. 277 p. Arkheologiya Evraziyskikh stepey №2.2020 (original) (raw)
Related papers
2018
The review features a high assessment of the monograph by A.V. Novikov. Its publication was an important milestone in the study of Early Iron Age antiquities from the Kostroma Volga region. The author of the monograph systematized the extensive material, part of which was obtained as a result of his own field investigations. The significance of the publication is associated with the fact that the study of the sites of this historical period is closely related to the issue of the genesis of the Volga and Baltic Finns, which remains a highly arguable study topic. A.V. Novikov concludes that the origin of the sites with the comb-corded and corded ceramics in the region is associated with the migration of the Ananyino population from the Upper and Middle Vetluga region. The appearance of such ceramics corresponds to the 6th century B.C. Local traditions of the representatives of the textile ceramic culture was predominant in the region during the subsequent periods. The review focuses on arguable topics. In particular, it questions the correspondence of a number of sites with no flat-bottomed ceramics to the Iron Age. Early materials from the Kostroma Volga region are considered as belonging to the Dyakovo-Gorodets type. The appearance of comb-corded and corded ceramics in the region is associated with the impact of the bearers of Akozino antiquities.
2017
The paper considers settlements of the Early Iron Age located in the Kostroma Volga region and focuses on settlements with comb-cord and cord ceramics of the Ananyino type. It identifies the time of penetration of the representatives of the Ananyino traditions of comb-cord ceramics into the Kostroma Volga region, which corresponds to the 6th century B.C. Changes in the cultural situation began in this period within a region previously dominated by settlements with textile ceramics, and settlements developed which were characterized by a combination of Ananyino and textile tradition. In the mid-1st Millennium B.C. the Kostroma Volga region was an area of active cultural genesis. Settlements with comb-cord and cord ceramics of the Early Iron Age located in the Kostroma Volga region occupy an important place in the system of monuments corresponding to the Ananyino cultural and historical region, determining the western vector of its distribution.
2023
The cultural layers of five hillforts located in the upper parts of the Volga and Western Dvina rivers (Tver region) were studied according to the descriptions of prospecting shafts and core samples. The cultural layers of the hillforts are represented by dark sand with a thickness of 0.4–1 m, satiated with charcoal. The characteristics of the cultural layers of the hillforts allow authors to refer them to the Archaeological Dark Earth. The cultural layers of the hillforts differ in thickness, degree of homogeneity, coloring and concentration of charcoal. Radiocarbon dating of 19 charcoal samples suggests that the period of maximum economic activity at the hillforts of Zaborovka-Likhusha, Voroshilovo and Verkhmarevo-1 fell on the period of the Early Iron Age (3 century BC – first centuries AD). According to the finds of pottery and some attributive objects, these sites can be related to the Dyakovo and late Dyakovo cultures. The main stage in the formation of the cultural layer for Runa-Zaborovka and Verkhmarevo–2 hillforts corresponds to the Early Middle Ages.
2018
The article presents the first identification, systematization and interpretation of materials related to the comb-corded ceramics of the Early Iron Age from the Kostroma Volga Region. Settlements featuring the materials of Ananyino appearance and hybrid ceramics were distinguished from the range of monuments with textile ceramics. Information on ceramic complexes was classified, the distribution area of the carriers of Ananyino traditions in the Kostroma Volga region was determined, concentration areas of monuments with ceramics of Ananyino appearance were indicated, and the territorial characteristics of the settlements were established. A comparison of the material culture of settlements dating back to the Early Iron Age from the Kostroma Volga region with other regions of the Ananyino Cultural and Historical Community allowed to outline the routes of penetration of the carriers of Ananyino comb-corded ceramics in the basin of the Kostroma river and the area of Lake Galichskoye from the territories of the Middle and Upper Vetluga, whereas the influence of the population living along the Vyatka river is highly noticeable. The article represents a successful attempt to determine the chronological framework of this process. It outlines the changes in cultural traditions at the settlements of the Early Iron Age established in the region in the 6th–3rd centuries B.C. Since the 6th century B.C. the are featured settlements with mixed Ananyino and textile traditional ceramics. The authors established two interrelated stages of the development of settlements with comb-corded and corded ceramics from the Kostroma Volga Region. They identified the for prospects of studying settlements with materials of Ananyino appearance in the Western distribution area.
2017
The author considers the initial stage of studying the early periods of human history in Russia, where the research of primeval antiquities began in the 1860s. The first Kazan citizen to study this subject was a collector, archaeologist and numismatist A. F. Likhachev. As a result of studying publications by West-European archaeologists and his Russian colleagues, he turned his attention to stone implements available in his collection. He gradually proceeded from collecting and studying the acquired items to archaeological surveying, which resulted in the discovery of Neolithic and Bronze Age settlements on the outskirts of Kazan. It allowed A. F. Likhachev to present a number of reports at Russian Archaeological Congresses and prepare several scientific papers on this subject. The author concludes that A. F. Likhachev is an outstanding representative of the initial stage of studying the primeval antiquities in the Kazan Volga Region.
2018
The paper considers the methodological aspects of comprehensive archaeological and geological-geomorphological studies of fortifications dating back to the Early Iron Age – Early Middle Ages. The authors determined that settlements with the remains of earthworks and dwellings located on headland platforms in the condition they have retained until the present day are natural-anthropogenic complexes with three components: archaeological, geomorphological and geological, and should be studied using methods of the corresponding sciences. The history of the development of headland settlements is subdivided into the following three periods: pre-settlement, settlement and post-settlement (relic). The settlement period is in turn subdivided into three stages: the early stage associated with the carriers of the Ananyino cultural and historical area of the Early Iron Age (circa 9th – 3rd centuries B.C.); the middle period related to the construction activities of the population of the Piany Bor, Azelino and Mazunino cultures (2nd century B.C. – 4th century A.D.); and the late stage associated with the Imenkovo culture and the coexisting cultures of the Early Middle Ages (4th – 7th cc.). An analysis of information obtained as a result of studying the fortifications of promontory forts allows to conclude that the distinguished stages represent the historical stages of the development of fortifications across the Volga-Kama region.