IJERT-Estimation of Ground Water Balance and Seepage from Different Canals and Rivers of District Nowshera (original) (raw)

2015, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT)

https://www.ijert.org/estimation-of-ground-water-balance-and-seepage-from-different-canals-and-rivers-of-district-nowshera https://www.ijert.org/research/estimation-of-ground-water-balance-and-seepage-from-different-canals-and-rivers-of-district-nowshera-IJERTV4IS070295.pdf The value of agricultural land is becoming valuable by increasing population with time. Some land is becoming Bad Land because of lack of water, where as some is water logged due to the increasing water table. So, to calculate ground water balance is the emergency of the time. For this reasons the seepage from lot of rivers and canals flowing in the study area are calculated by different empirical equations using Nazir Ahmad Formula, Mortiz Formula, Molesworth and Yennidunia Empirical Formula, Pakistanian Formula, Indian Formula and Kostiakov A.N Formula. The total seepages in to the study area are 3516447.5, m 3 /day. The total area of the district is 1825.28 km 2. For recharge due to precipitations simply the runoff should be excluded from total rainfall. To calculate runoff the curve number is necessary, which is calculated from Land Use Map and comes out to be 88. The runoff by SCS-Curve Number Method is calculated and comes out to be 570.4894 mm/year. The recharge from rainfall is calculated and comes out to be 200741, m 3 /day. The withdrawals from study area are due to tube wells and Hand pumps. The discharge by tube wells is calculated by the collected data from WAPDA and Irrigation Department which is 257105.016, m 3 /day. For Hand Pump discharge a rough survey is conducted and statistically found the withdrawals which are 42818.25, m 3 /day. The inflow and outflow is estimated 37820, m 3 /day and 199650.5, m 3 /day, respectively. The evaporation losses are estimated, which comes out to be 2957890, m 3 /day. The total inflow and total outflow are estimated 3755008.5, m 3 /day and 3457463.766, m 3 /day, respectively. The net recharge to the area is 3.4438, m 3 /sec which is 59.518, mm/year.