GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE (original) (raw)
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Maize in India: Production systems, constraints, and research priorities
2005
CIMMYT® (www.cimmyt.org) is an inter nationally funded, not-for-profit organization that conducts research and training related to maize and wheat throughout the developing world. Drawing on strong science and ef fective partnerships, CIMMYT works to create, share, and use knowledge and technology to increase food security, improve the productivity and profitability of farming systems, and sustain natural resources. Financial support for CIMMYT's work comes from many sources, including the members of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) (www.cgiar.org), national gover nments, foundations, development banks, and other public and private agencies.
Sustainability of Scientific Maize Cultivation Practices in
2012
Sustainability of scientific maize cultivation practices must be ensured to attain the goal of agricultural sustainability. The study was conducted in purposively selected state i.e. Uttar Pradesh. A total sample size of 80 maize farmer respondents and 20 SMS/ Experts were selected by using multi-stage random sampling technique and simple random selection procedure respectively. Data were collected by using personal interview method. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted with the help of appropriate statistical tools. Among the practices studied in scientific maize cultivation, mean sustainability scores obtained from farmer respondents was highest for irrigation followed by application of FYM, use of HYV and application of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer respectively. The experts perceived significantly higher sustainability in all practices. Estimates indicate that Indian population will require 325 million tons of food grain by 2020 AD. This demands consistent increase in production and productivity of agricultural crops. Maize has immense potential to meet food requirement of human population. It has a great significance as human food, animal feed and diversified uses in a large number of industrial products. Adoption of improved and sustainable maize technologies holds the key to ensure both sustainability and increased maize production. Muthuran (1995) cited 14 major dimensions of sustainable agriculture as identified by M.S. Swaminathan and according to him, sustainable agricultural technology should be technologically appropriate, economically feasible and viable, environmentally sound, stable over the long run, efficient in resource use, locally adaptable, socially acceptable and sustainable, implementable in existing political setup and bureaucratic structure, culturally desirable, renewable, equitable and productive. There is report of sustainability concerns and emerging problems in Uttar Pradesh. In Uttar Pradesh, farmers find it difficult to sustain their living standards due to small holding, less infrastructural facility, etc. Maize "The queen of cereals" is the third most important food crop in Uttar Pradesh next only to rice and wheat. Kharif maize is an important crop. Concept of cultivating the "rabi maize" was originated in this state and it is grown in a sizeable area. Uttar Pradesh account for 8.33% of the total maize area and 9.65% of total maize production in the country with an average yield of 23.74 q/ha during 2003-04. Sustainability of scientific maize cultivation practices in Uttar Pradesh had not been studied, so far. Thus, keeping in view, the importance of scientific maize cultivation practices and decreasing trend of production and productivity, the present study was undertaken, with the specific objectives given as below: 1. to measure and compare the degree of sustainability of scientific maize cultivation practices in Uttar Pradesh. 2. To ascertain the perceptual difference, if any, among SMS / experts and farmers regarding various dimensions of sustainability with respect to scientific maize cultivation practices.
The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop cultivated in jhum farming (shifting cultivation) practiced in north-east India. However, productivity of maize in jhum is very low due to use of local cultivars and poor management practices. A participatory field trial was conducted in 2015–16 and 2016–17 to assess the impact of high yielding varieties/ cultivars and improved management practices on maize productivity and soil fertility in farmer’s jhum field of Ri- Bhoi District, Meghalaya. Nine cultivars/varieties of maize (Improved cultivars/varieties: Hemant, Vijay Composite, Megha Maize 1, Megha Maize 2, RCM 1-1, RCM 1-3, RCM 75 and local cultivars: SaruTangring and SaruBhoi) were evaluated under improved agronomic management practices (IAMP) and farmers’ practice in a factorial randomized block design. Results revealed that number of seeds per cob, seed weight per cob and seed index were significantly higher under IAMP compared to that of farmers’ practice during both the years. The I...
Maize production systems for improving resource-use efficiency and livelihood security
Maize (Zea mays L) is one of the most versatile and multi utility crops, having wider adaptability in diverse ecologies. Globally, it is known as queen of cereals because of its highest genetic potential. It is the major source of food, feed, fodder and industrial raw material and provides enormous opportunity for crop diversification, value addition and employment generation. Maize is also grown for many other special purposes viz. quality protein maize, sweet corn, baby corn, pop corn, waxy corn, high oil and high amylase corn. It is also a solution for various stresses like weed and lowering water table and abiotic stresses like drought, terminal heat, cold, etc. besides providing opportunity for farm mechanization and conservation agriculture and consequently increasing the resource-use efficiency and farm profitability. Presently, maize production is 21.8 million tons and projected demand of maize to be 45 million tonnes by 2030. This demand of maize will be met either by techn...
Maize holds potential for diversification and livelihood security
Maize (Zea mays L) is one of the most versatile emerging crops having wider adaptability and grown in diverse seasons and ecologies for various purposes. The introduction of single cross hybrid technology in Indian maize programme since 2006 resulted into productivity enhancement of 134 kg/ha/annum in the last five years although the coverage is still less than 25 per cent.It is known as queen of cereals because of its highest genetic yield potential and productivity among the cereal food crops. It is the only grain crop with many types like normal yellow/ white grain, sweet corn, baby corn, popcorn, quality protein maize (QPM), waxy corn, high amylase corn, high oil corn, fodder maize etc. It is an important industrial raw material and more than 3000 products have been made using maize directly/indirectly and provide large opportunity for value addition. It is a solution for emerging problems of depleting water table and terminal heat stress in winter crops. It is a potential crop for crop diversification due to its many types and intensification because of its wider row spacing and erect plant type having non-tillering growth habit, which can accommodate short duration pulses, flowers, vegetables, etc as intercrops. It also provides opportunity for farm mechanization and conservation agriculture, which results into timely farm operations, reduced soil erosion, improved soil health, reduced cost of cultivation and increased farm profitability. It is a solution to water scarcity and lowering water table in the Rabi rice growing areas of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and also for the low rainfall areas of upland rice in the states of West Bengal, Odisha and North Eastern states. The adoption of maize under these situations is increasing at a very fast rate due to availability of high yield potential hybrids in the country for these agro-ecologies, and is more remunerative than rice. Similarly maize is a solution for the heat stress in wheat causing significant yield reduction in the Northern India. The cultivation of spring maize after harvest of potato and sugarcane has become reality in some of the states (Punjab, Haryana, western UP, lower valley of Uttrakhand) and emerged as an alternative profitable crop replacing summer rice. The favourable temperature in the rabi season of the states like West Bengal, Odisha, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh offers a great potential for maize hybrid seed production and area under seed production is coming up very fast in these areas in recent years. The remunerative seed production in these states will cater the needs of the states as well as have potential for export to neighbouring states and countries. West Bengal became hub for the QPM hybrid seed production and exporting seed to North-Eastern states and other parts of the country.
Growth and yield of Maize hybrids as effected by different sowing Dates in Swat Pakistan
Pure and Applied Biology, 2016
To evaluate the response of maize hybrids to different sowing Dates, an experiment was conducted during kharif season, at farmer field school, Sambat cham, Matta, Swat, during summer 2012. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having four replications. Sowing date (June 1 st , 15 th , 30 th) was allotted to main plots, while maize hybrids (PIONEER-30K08, CS 200 and MALKA-TS-1105) were sown in sub plots. A subplot size of 3.5m x 4.0m was used. Each subplot was consisted of six rows having 75 cm row-to-row distance with row length of 3 m. Sowing either on 1 st or 15 th June gave at par grains ear-1 (560 and 563), grain yield (7820 and 9010 kg ha-1) and biological yield (25055 & 23240 kg ha-1) respectively. Sowing on 15 th June gave higher plant height (232 cm). Delayed sowing on 30 th June decreased grains ear-1 to 460, grain yield to 6060 kg ha-1 , biological yield to 15972 kg ha-1 and plant height to 185 cm. There was no effect of sowing dates on ear m-2 and thousand grains weight. Among the maize hybrids, PIONEER-30K08 had the optimum number of ears m-2 (7), grain yield (8343 kg ha-1) and biological yield (22129 kg ha-1) while Malka-TS-1105 showed the lowest grain yield of 7119 kg ha-1 and biological yield of 20231 kg ha-1. The hybrids did not differ from each other in plant height. On the basis of the above results, among the tested hybrids PIONEER-30K08 is recommended for sowing on either June 1st or 15 th June undr the agro-ecological conditions of Swat valley.
Yield and nutrient uptake of winter maize (Zea mays) with vegetable intercropping
2008 K R A PU N REVIEW PAPERS 1. NIVETA JAIN, H PATHAK and ARTI BHATIA. Sustainable management of crop residues in India 1 RESEARCH PAPERS 2. AK TRIPATHI and ANIL KUMAR SINGH. Productivity, economic viability and energy efficiency of intercropping winter maize (Zea mays) and rajmash bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in potato (Solanum tuberosum) with border ridge technique 10 3. MK TRIPATHI, B MEHERA, RAJIV UMRAO, HEMANT KUMAR and HB PALIWAL. Impact of climate change on wheat (Triticum aestivum) productivity in late sown condition at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 16 4. RR VERMA, KP SINGH and TK SRIVASTVA. Nutrient status in sugarcane growing soils of Haryana 20 5. SHIRISH SHARMA and IP SINGH. Prospects of fruits and vegetables processing in Rajasthan 24 6. HINA VASISHTHA and RP SRIVASTAVA. Processing effect on saponins of rajmash beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) 28 7. SAIMA HABIB KHAN and AMIT CHATTREE. Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Murraya koenigii 31 8. UMA SAH, SK DUBEY and SK SINGH. Empowerment of farm women with pulses production technologies: An empirical framework 35 9. ABHISHEK PRATAP SINGH, AK SINGH and ARUN KUMAR. Association of empowerment level and socio-economic condition of women in Harahua block of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 42 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 10. AJIT PANAHALE, SS ANGADI and SR SALAKINKOP. Effect of sowing time on yield, resource use efficiency, soil fertility status and economics of sorghum-based intercropping systems 46 11. C SUBHA LAKSHMI and APRATAP KUMAR REDDY. Spikelet sterility in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) as influenced by sources and levels of nutrients 49 12. SK CHOUDHARY, RN SINGH, RK SINGH and PK UPADHYAY. Yield and nutrient uptake of winter maize (Zea mays) with vegetable intercropping 52 13. RL MEENA, V PRAVEEN RAO and AANANDI LAL JAT. Production potential and quality of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties as influenced by date of transplanting in Southern Telangana 55 14. NK JAIN and HARI SINGH. Sustainable production of maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system with agronomic management 58 15. JAVID A BHAT, FAROOQ A AGA, LATIEF AHMAD, TAUSEEF A BHAT, RUKHSANA JAN and SHAREEZ A WANI. Response of rice (Oryza sativa) to integrated nutrient management under temperate condition of Kashmir 61 16. SANTOSH KUMAR, RAVI SHANKER SINGH and KAMALESH KUMAR. Yield and nutrient uptake of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) with different moisture regimes and integrated nutrient supply
Productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by varieties and sowing dates
International Journal of Applied Biology
Genotypic yield potential of maize varieties is greatly affected by sowing dates. In order to investigate the effects of sowing dates and varieties on the grain yield of maize, the field experiment was carried out at research field of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from April 2009 to March 2010. Three varieties namely Rampur Composite, Arun-2 and Gaurav were sown at every week. The results of experiment showed that interaction effect of variety and sowing date on grain yield of maize was significant. Rampur Composite produced highest grain yield (6.1 t/ha) in August and lowest yield (2.6 t/ha) in May. Similarly Arun-2 produced highest yield (4.6 t/ha) in August and lowest yield (2.1 t/ha) in May. Gaurav produced highest grain yield (5.1 t/ha) in September followed by 4.9, 4.8 and 4.6 t/ha in February, July and August respectively and lowest yield (1.5 t/ha) in November. The sowing date was highly significant on grain production. The highest grain pro...