Food Security and Coping Strategy amongFarming Households inZuru Agricultural Zone ofKebbi State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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This study was conducted to analyze the food security status among farming households in Zuru Agricultural zone, Kebbi state, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed in selecting a sample of 253 farming households in the study area. Descriptive statistics, Food security index and Logit regression model were used to analyze the data. The result indicated that 89.7% of the respondents were males, 34.8% of the respondents fall within the active work-age bracket of 40-49 years, 29.6% had farming experience of less than 6 years. 27.3%, had Quranic education and about 20.6% had an average monthly income of N20,383.45. The average farm size was 3.89 ha and average of 8 persons as the household size. 83.4% of the households were food insecure that were not able to meet 2/3 Mean per capita food expenditure (N) 36,353.88. The major determinants that positively and significantly influenced food security in the study area were age, sex, level of education, household size, Access to credit, income, and farm size. The effective food coping strategy that were highly employed during food crisis among others, includes Buying from market (M = 2.04), Eating less preferred foods (M = 2.45), Borrowing money or food from friends/relatives (M = 2.03), Sale of livestock/household assets (M = 2.15) and Increased reliance on wild food like hunting (M = 2.01). It is therefore important to encouraged households to intensify combination of their enterprises with off-farm activities that could generate more income for the households and also help to improve their asset base.
Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria , 2023
The study analysed coping strategies to food insecurity among farming households in Yagba East Local Government of Kogi State. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select two hundred and twenty-five (225) rural farming households. Structured questionnaire complimented with interview schedule was used for data collection. Information was garnered on socioeconomic characteristics of farming households, food security status and coping strategies to food insecurity. Data was analysed using frequency, percentage and food security index. The result revealed 77.3% of farming households were male with mean age of 43.8 years. They had mean farming experience of 12.6 years and average mean household members of 7 persons. About 69.9% of the households were food secure. The mean per capital expenditure of the households was N126264.444 while the food security line was N 84176.3. The most coping strategies to food insecurity in the study area were reduced intake of expensive food (93.3%), use savings to buy food (92.9%) and reduction in daily food intake. It is recommended that farming households should diversify into many enterprises in order to address the problem of food shortage in the study area.
Undertaking diverse livelihood income generating activities is one of the key strategies often adopted to tackle the challenge of food insecurity by rural farmers. This study analyzed the effect of livelihood income activities on food security status of rural farming households in Yola South Local Government Area of Adamawa state, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to; describe the socio-economic characteristics of respondents, identify their various livelihood activities, determine their food security status, identify the determinants of household food security of the respondents and lastly, identify the constraints to diversifying livelihood sources in the study area. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 140 rural household heads using structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that 90% of the respondents were male and 88.57% were married. Majority (70%) were educated and are mostly small scale farmers (about 96%). Similarly, they undertake other diverse livelihood income activities which are mostly unskilled non-farm activities. The mean per capita food expenditure per month was estimated to be ₦4,852.58 and the value was used to establish the food security line which shows that 65% of the households were food secure. The binary logit regression analysis showed that the coefficients of education level, number of income generating activities, remittance and farm size were positive and significant while that of household size was significant but negative. The major constraints to diversifying livelihood income activities include; inadequacy of funds, infrastructural problems, and lack of awareness/training. The study recommended that, effort should be made by all development actors to; improve access to credit by farmers, provide basic infrastructure in the area, and lastly integrate awareness creation on diversifying livelihood income activities into extension massages.
Green Reports
This paper examined livelihood diversification as a survival strategy and a means to escape food insecurity among rural farm households in Ganye, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Although still of central importance, farming on its own is increasingly unable to provide a sufficient means of survival in rural areas thus necessitating the need for diversification. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 230 rural household heads using structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that 80.43% of the respondents were male and 69.57% were married. Majority (76.08%) were educated and are mostly (73.91%) had farming as their primary occupation. Similarly, they undertake other diverse livelihood income activities which are mostly unskilled non-agricultural activities of which 52.17% moderately diversify, 37.83% had low diversification and only 10% were highly diversify. Food security condition was not much improved as about 56.96% of the households were unable to meet their daily food. The logit regression result showed that diversification was influenced by age, sex, educational level, primary occupation, household size, farm size, membership of cooperative, access to credit and total annual income and is significant at various levels. Rural farmers should be encouraged to participate in varied income generating activities in both agriculture and non-agricultural ventures to enhance their income and break the vicious cycle of poverty and impoverishment. The provision of soft loans at reduced interest prices will catalyse involvement in non-farm income generating activities thereby creating a boost in household income and consequently, welfare.
This study analyzed the food security status and coping strategies among rural households in Oluyole local government areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; describe the socioeconomic characteristics of rural farming household heads, determine the level of food security status of the respondents, identify the coping strategies of rural household towards food insecurity in the study area and identify the causes of food insecurity encountered by respondents in the study area. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 150 household heads using questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that 79.3 % of the respondents were male and 86.7 % were married. 96.6 % were educated and cultivated an average of about 1.74 hectares of farmland. The mean per capita food expenditure per month was estimated to be ₦6,470.46 and the 2/3 mean per capital food expenditure for the entire household was ₦4,313.64, the value was used as food security index; 58.7 % of the households were food secured. The respondents adopted several strategies to cope with food insecurity such as selling livestock to buy food, rationing money, purchasing food on credit, borrowing money, buying of less expensive food, skipping meals, allowing children to eat first, harvesting immature food crops, migrating to search job,off farm employment and consuming seed reserve. It is recommended that food security policy strategies to be put in place by the government should consider the socioeconomic characteristics of households in order to achieve more than a marginal reduction in the number of food insecure households.
Rural Households39 Livelihood Strategies in Kebbi State Nigeria
htSSN (Print): 2 Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS),, 2024
This research studied rural livelihood strategies in Kebbi state, Nigeria. Stratified proportionate sampling was used to select 343 respondents, from whom data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logit regression. Based on the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, results revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 43 years, the majority of whom were male and married with an average household size of 12 people. Most of the respondents did not go through formal education and their mean annual income and farm size were ₦1,137,629.50 and 3.34 hectares, respectively. Results on livelihood strategy revealed that the majority (64%) of the respondents combined agricultural activities with other non-farm activities. Results from the multinomial logit model results revealed 7 (age, household size, years of education, access to credit, annual income, participation in social organization, and farm size) out of 11 factors as significant predictors of livelihood strategy in the study area. Thus, livelihood is moderately diversified among the rural households of Kebbi State with households having more than one income source. Also, diverse income sources provide relief to rural households as it increases their total income where the majority of the rural households combine both agricultural and non-farm activities livelihood strategies. Policymakers should therefore give due attention by incorporating projects and/or any interventions that will target and engage rural household heads in the study area in income-generating activities that would augment present earnings.
ON-FARM INCOME DIVERSIFICATION DECISIONS AMONG RURAL FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
There has been a drive on the part of consumers, producers, researchers and policy makers for a transition toward a new phase of agriculture. Diversifying income among farm households is critical to this drive. This study therefore investigated the on-farm income diversification decisions of rural farm households in Anambra State. The descriptive survey involved 235 farm households randomly selected from three agricultural zones in Enugu State, Nigeria. Three research questions were posed to guide the conduct of the study. A 23- item structured questionnaire which had a reliability co-efficient of 0.78 was used to collect data. Data were analysed using mean, frequency and exploratory factor analysis. Results showed that forty- two percent of the household heads were within the productive age range of 41-50 years. Farming was the major occupation of the respondents with majority having a household size of not more than two hectares. Average annual on-farm income was N158,000.00, N132,000.00 and N215,000.00 for crop farming, livestock farming and mixed farming respectively. The constraints in raising income from the various sources of farm income were institutional, financial and infrastructural constraints. Based on these findings, some recommendations were made that include farmers should include highly valued agricultural products in their farm activities which will boost diversification selection and therefore increase farm income. Youths should be encouraged to participate in on-farm income diversification since they are better positioned to diversify farming activities.
The Influence of Economic Related Factors on Poverty among Farming Households: The Case of Nigeria
Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development, 2008
This study examined the influence of economic related factors on poverty among the farming households in Borno State, Nigeria. Using multistage sampling technique, 360 farming households were randomly from 12 villages spread across six local government areas of the three agro-ecological zones in the State. Primary data generated from farming household heads through well-structured sampled questionnaires were mainly used for this study. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics (means, frequencies and percentages), and Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) P alpha measure of poverty. The monthly mean per adult equivalent household expenditure (MPAEHE) was />J2,972.77. A poverty line of />J1,982.84 was estimated. Based on the poverty line of />J1,982.84, the FGT measures showed that 62 per cent of the farming households of the study area were poor; the average depth of the poor households from the poverty line was 44 per cent of the poverty line, while 18 per cent of the poor farming households were critically or severely poor. It was evident from the study that poverty level was lower among households with more off-farm income and cultivilted more farm land. Similarly, households in the study area who had access to agricultural loans, improved farm inputs and possessed one or more assets had lower poverty level than those who had'110 access to agricultural loans or no assets. On the other hand households who travel more distance to market had higher poverty level. Based on these findings, the study recommended that efforts towards increasing farming households' access to agricultural loans and inputs should be pursued. Farming households should also be encouraged to engage in off-farm economic activities as well as diversification of their agricultural activities.
This study analysed the food insecurity coping strategies adopted by family farmers in Jigawa State, Nigeria in attempts to attenuate food shortages. A representative sample of 266 farm families was selected across 8 council areas of the State and was profiled into food secure and food insecure families, using the acceptable food security index of 2730Kcal/person/day. Data were collected with the aid of questionnaire between July, 2017 to February, 2018. Results showed that 93% of the family heads were male, with average age of 45 years. Furthermore, 90% of them were married with mean family size of 12 members who were dependent on annual income of N45,100/caput. Incidence of food shortages was a year round phenomenon but at its peak in the second and third quarters of the years. Prime coping strategies adopted by farm families were; reducing the number of meals per day; restriction of consumption by adults to feed the children; reliance on the use of less preferred and expensive food; feeding only the working members of the family in times of food imbalances and limiting meal portion at mealtime. To move the families beyond these daily adjustments to a food security continuum, measures that can increase agricultural production and income opportunities are essential.
CARD International Journal of Agricultural Research and Food Production (IJARFP) ISSN: 2536-7293 (Print): 2536-7307 (Online) Volume 2, Number 2, June 2017 http://www.casirmediapublishing.com, 2017
The study analyzed food security situation among rural farming households in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for selecting samples for the study. In the first stage, four Local Government Areas were purposively selected based on their large concentration of farming households, from which two rural communities were each selected. The last stage involved simple random selection of 20% of the farming households from each rural community selected in stage two, to give a total of 120 households as the sample size for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, household food security index and binary logistic regression model. Results of socio-economic characteristics of farming households showed that the mean age of household heads in the study area was 39 years, majority (87.5%) of the households was headed by males and 83.3% of the households’ heads were married. Major occupations of the household heads were farming and trading representing 40% of all the household heads and over 59% of them had secondary school education. The results further show that average household size in the study area was 11 persons. Also, 40% of the household heads had farming experience of between 14 and 22 years and mean annual households income was ₦557,783.00. Majority (55.8%) of the household heads claimed not to have access to extension services. Results of food security status of farming households revealed that 67% of the households were food secure and 33% were food insecure. The Mean Per Capita Food Expenditure (MPCFE) and food security line were ₦3,549.61 and ₦2,366.41 respectively. Results of logistic regression analysis reveal that coefficients of farming experience and access to credit were positive on households’ food security status and significant at 5% level of probability; while those of household size and monthly income were also positive and significant at 1% level of probability. The results further shows that the most common food insecurity coping strategy used by farming households was borrowing money to buy food items, which was used by 60% of the households and ranked 1st.The study concluded that majority of the farming households were food secure. It recommends that low interest credit should be made available and easily accessible by commercial banks and other lending institutions to farmers since most of households rely on borrowing money to purchase food items in situations of food insecurity.