PALIERAKI, E. (2020). Chile, Algeria, and the Third World in the 1960s and 1970s: Revolutions Entangled. In FIELD T., KREPP S., & PETTINÀ V. (Eds.), Latin America and the Global Cold War (pp. 274-300). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. (original) (raw)
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From Détente to Revolution: Soviet Solidarity with Chile after Allende, 1973-79
The International History Review, 2021
Based on untapped sources from the state and foreign policy archives of the Russian Federation, and bridging the historiographies of human rights, Cold War Latin America, and Second-Third World relations, this article argues that Soviet solidarity with Chile after the 1973 coup that toppled socialist president Salvador Allende reflected the fundamental dilemma at the heart of Soviet policy in the 1970s: the pursuit of détente jeopardized Moscow’s leadership of the international communist movement. Soviet solidarity with Chile is analyzed at the diplomatic level; at the transnational level, through exchanges with a variety of political and social groups not limited to communist parties; and at the international level, where these groups pursued their agendas in the United Nations and other organizations. Removing the East/West lenses and viewing Soviet responses to Allende's downfall in the context of intra-communist bloc rivalries and the explosion of global human rights activism, demolishes the orthodox paradigm of the Cold War international system and reveals the ways in which Soviet ideology was shaped not only by official party interpretations of Marxism-Leninism, but by the innovations of allies and competitors in the Global South, and the universal language of the UN Charter and human rights.
Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 487–489, , 2023
The revolutionary and counterrevolutionary experience of Chile in the 1970s had an enormous global impact. The so-called 'Chilean Road to Socialism', the political project of Salvador Allende and Popular Unity coalition that took office in 1970, was keenly followed by people across the world from various political perspectives. While some saw it as an opportunity to reconcile socialism with democracy at a time when the Cold War context presented them as antonyms, for others it offered a path of national liberation for the underdeveloped periphery in a landscape of growing global inequality. There were also those who, like the Nixon administration in the United States, saw the Chilean experiment as a danger to capitalist hegemony in the West and beyond. The coup d'état of 11 September 1973, which overthrew Allende and imposed a brutal military dictatorship, transformed that initial interest in Chile into a global cause. In so doing, it intertwined (albeit not without conflict) the traditional internationalism of the socialist left with the emerging frameworks of the 1970s, particularly the paradigm of Human Rights. Thus, in the 1970s, Chile became a political symbol whose importance far exceeded its real geopolitical weight. This special section explores different cases and specific dynamics of how the Chilean cause was received and resignified in the 1970s in Europe and Latin America. Through these studies, we seek to understand local political conflicts from a transnational perspective. The studies emphasise how symbols, concepts, and political slogans relating to a specific experience in the southern part of Latin America circulated throughout the globe and impacted diverse and distant places, each with their own particular political trajectories. In dialogue with a growing literature on the global impact of the
This paper sheds light on the largely unknown negotiations between Chile and the World Bank (WB) during Salvador Allende’s presidency (1970-1973). Contrary to axiomatic depictions of the WB's unilateral involvement in Latin America, an in-depth analysis of previously unexamined primary sources demonstrates that these were not relations between Washington and the WB on the one hand, and Chile and the WB on the other. In effect, these relations reflected, primarily, the dynamics of a WB-Chile-U.S. asymmetric triangle. Despite profound ideological discrepancies, multiple pressures, and practical constraints, Allende’s government and the WB conducted high-ranking negotiations that challenged the U.S.-promoted economic embargo against Chile. The examination of this counterintuitive relationship sheds new light on Allende’s positioning in the international arena and on the functioning of the World Bank, thereby providing a unique prism through which to reconsider dichotomist perceptions of the Cold War in Latin America.
Cuba and Chile: Revolutionary Dialogues for Latin America
Agrarian South, 2024
Avaiable here: https://doi.org/10.1177/22779760241272419 This article analyses the structural challenges of the Latin American revolution in the early 1970s, which echoed from Fidel Castro’s extensive road trip around Chile during the Salvador Allende administration in November 1971. Castro’s presence promoted massive mobilizations of Chilean workers and peasants who came in droves to listen to his speeches. By then, an interesting dialogue between the Cuban and Chilean revolutionary paths had developed on a mass-collective basis, considering the dialogical skills of both leaders, Castro and Allende, who participated together in many mass demonstrations during the 24 days that the Cuban leader spent in Chile. While Cuba experienced an insurrection and guerrilla war, Chile was promoting a “peaceful road to socialism” through electoral victories. This article investigates the relations between the two revolutionary processes through the dialogues during this visit. This article is based on press materials from those days, Castro’s and Allende’s speeches and other primary sources. It concludes that the Cuban and Chilean Revolutions were more complementary than antagonistic, contrary to the historiography that emphasizes rivalry between them.