Medical Students Review The Role of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Cervical Cancer: A Review about HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis and Its Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Medical Students
The human papillomavirus (HPV) was the first virus known to induce carcinogenesis and is associated with cancers of the uterine cervix, anogenital tumors and malignancies of the head and neck. This paper reviews the structure and basic genomic characteristics of the virus and outlines the clinical involvement of the main HPV serotypes, focusing on the carcinogenic role of HPV-16 and 18. The mechanisms that occur in the development of cervical neoplasia due to the oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 which interfere with the regulation of the cell cycle through their interaction with p53 and retinoblastoma protein are described. Epidemiological factors, diagnostic tools and the management of the disease are also reviewed, along with the available vaccines to prevent the viral infection. Insights on current research on involvement of oxidative stress and micro-RNAs in cervical carcinogenesis are also explored as they may unlock new means of diagnosis and treatment in the future.
Human Papilloma Virus' Life Cycle and Carcinogenesis
Maedica, 2016
Considering that the loss of cell cycle and apoptosis control constitutes a central event in human papilloma virus' (HPV)-mediated carcinogenesis, the reason of this study is to insight to the HPV life cycle. The purpose of the study is to analyze the HPV molecular biology and cervical cancer association. Brief review of current literature on the HPV life cycle and cervical carcinogenesis. Among the HPV associated cancers, cervical cancer still ranks number two in the global cancer incidence of women. A central component of the association between HPV and cervical carcinogenesis is the ability of HPV to persist in the lower genital tract for long periods of time without being cleared because of its evasion mechanisms.
Oncogenic potential of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and its relation with cervical cancer
Virology Journal, 2011
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer being the second most common cancer after lung cancer, affecting women of different age groups; has a prevalence of about 20% in young sexually active women. Among different types of HPV, HPV16 the major strain causing this cancer and is sexually transmitted had been unnoticed for decades. Keeping in mind the multiple risk factors related with cervical cancer such as early age sexual activities, teenage pregnancies, smoking, use of oral contraceptives, having multiple sex partners, hormone replacement therapies and various other unknown factors lead to the onset of the disease. Awareness for various diagnostic procedures such as Pap smears screening prove to be an effective way in eradicating the oncogenic potential of HPV.
Genomics of Human Papillomavirus-induced Cervical Cancer
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International
Human papillomavirus (HPV) induced cervical cancer is a serious health issue among most women from the least developed countries of the world due to scarcity of resources. HPVs have evolved a masterly infectious cycle that grabs the advantage of the self-renewal property of stratified cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. Firstly, the viral genome replicates episomally at a low copy number in the epithelial basal layers cells, with minimum viral transcription and translation. After that, when the infected cells are transmitted through the differentiation process maximum viral DNA synthesis and gene expression occur. The two major oncoproteins - E6 and E7, are responsible for inactivating the important tumor suppressor proteins, retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53. Due to the inactivation of these proteins, disruption occurs in the DNA replication, DNA repair mechanisms, oxidative induced damage (8-oxoguanine), aneuploidy, and apoptosis, leading to tumorigenesis. Hence, manipulation of E6 and E7...
Journal of Scientific Research and Reports
Background: Cervical cancer is considered an important public health problem, and the main risk factor for this type of tumor is human papillomavirus infection. However, the search for new proposals for disease control and prevention has brought new findings and approaches in the context of molecular biology indicating innovations and perspectives in the early detection of the disease. Thus, this study aimed to identify studies that explore events and molecular mechanisms in cervical tissues and cells and to address the main methods used, bringing new perspectives and proposals for the early detection of cervical cancer. Methods: This is a bibliographical review of articles published between 2014 and 2017. Medline, Scielo, Web Science and PubMed databases were used. Publication period. The cell cycle theme, gene expression, protein action, precursor lesions, cervical cancer and human papillomavirus, and the suggestion of molecular markers for treatment and / or diagnosis were highlighted as inclusion criteria.
HPV-DNA integration and carcinogenesis: putative roles for inflammation and oxidative stress
Future Virology, 2011
HPV-DNA integration into cellular chromatin is usually a necessary event in the pathogenesis of HPV-related cancer; however, the mechanism of integration has not been clearly defined. Breaks must be created in both the host DNA and in the circular viral episome for integration to occur, and studies have shown that viral integration is indeed increased by the induction of DNA double strand breaks. Inflammation generates reactive oxygen species, which in turn have the potential to create such DNA strand breaks. It is plausible that these breaks enable a greater frequency of HPV-DNA integration, and in this way contribute to carcinogenesis. Consistent with this idea, coinfections with certain sexually transmitted diseases cause cervical inflammation, and have also been identified as cofactors in the progression to cervical cancer. This article examines the idea that inflammation facilitates HPV-DNA integration into cellular chromatin through the generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby contributing to carcinogenesis.
International journal of oncology, 2018
Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are a small group of non‑enveloped viruses belonging to the Papillomaviridae family with strong similarities to polyoma viruses. The viral particles consist of a genome in the form of a circular double‑stranded DNA, encompassing eight open reading frames, as well as a non‑enveloped icosahedral capsid. HPV infection is considered the most common sexually transmitted disease in both sexes and is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer. 'High‑risk' mucosal HPV types, predominantly types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35, are associated with most cervical, penile, vulvar, vaginal, anal, oropharyngeal cancers and pre‑cancers. Screening for HPV is necessary for the prognosis and for determining treatment strategies for cancer. Novel HPV markers, including proteomic and genomic markers, as well as anti‑papillomavirus vaccines are currently available. The aim of this comprehensive review was to thoroughly present the updated information...