Serum and Salivary C -reactive protein in Patients with Oral Leukoplakia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (original) (raw)
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Curēus, 2024
Biopsy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of oral pre-malignant and malignant cases. In borderline cases, false-positive or false-negative results can grossly affect treatment planning, leading to a bad prognosis. Creactive protein (CRP) has been linked to poorer outcomes for patients with oral pre-malignant and malignant lesions. To validate the histopathological finding and ultimately direct treatment, the study aims to correlate pre-treatment levels of CRP in oral pre-malignant and malignant lesions. This will provide a biomarker to assess the prognosis in such cases. Our study investigated 53 patients, out of whom 35 were males and 18 were females. A CRP analysis was performed on each patient. The automated immunoturbidimetric method was utilized to quantify CRP levels. The CRP values of pre-malignant lesions ranged from 2.46±1.79 mg/L, while the malignant group's levels ranged from 7.90±3.18 mg/L. The findings imply that plasma CRP levels may be a potential indicator of elevated cancer risk and that pre-diagnostic CRP concentrations are linked to the later development of oral cancer.
Dental Research Journal, 2012
Objectives: The aim was to evaluate and compare pretreatment serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with oral premalignancies and malignancies with that in healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 90 patients of both genders. The subjects were divided into three groups. Group I comprised 30 healthy controls, while group II included 30 patients with potential oral malignancies including leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and oral lichen planus (OLP), and group III included 30 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients confirmed by histopathological examination. All samples were subjected to CRP analysis. Serum CRP levels were quantitatively determined using the automated immunoturbidimetric method. Results: In group I, CRP levels were ranging from 0.1 to 18.3 mg/l with the mean ± standard deviation (SD) CRP level of 3.88±4.50 mg/l. In group II, CRP levels were ranging from 0.8 to 53.9 mg/l with the mean ± SD CRP level of 5.59±9.86 mg/l. In group III, CRP levels were ranging from 3.3 to 96 mg/l with the mean ± SD CRP level of 31.72±31.01 mg/l. Conclusions: According to the results, prediagnostic concentrations of CRP are associated with subsequent development of oral cancer and suggest that plasma CRP level is a potential marker of increased risk of cancer.
Highly Sensitive C reactive Protein (hs-CRP) as marker in Oral & Oropharyngeal malignancy
Experimental and Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry
Cancer is emerging as a major public health problem in India. It is estimated that the number of new cancer cases are likely to go up from ~979,786 cases in the year 2010 to ~1,148,757 cases by the year 2020. Majority of the cancer cases are of head and neck type. Approximately 1,75,791 cases of head and neck cancers occur every year in India. Out of the head and neck cancers the Oral and Oropharyngeal cancers are among the most prevalent. Oral and pharyngeal cancer is the sixth most common malignancy reported worldwide and one with high mortality ratios among all malignancies. The total number of new cases worldwide is estimated at 405,318 about 2/3 of these cases arising in developing countries [14]. The role of inflammation in cancer is not well known. Some organs of the body show greater risk of cancer when they are chronically inflamed [7]. Some studies have shown that when anti-inflammatory drugs are given the risk of developing cancer is reduced [3]. C-reactive protein (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) is a marker of inflammation. Recently highly sensitive C Reactive Protein (hsCRP) has evolved as a predictor of myocardial infarction etc., recent studies have shown that having CRP in the high normal range may also be associated with other diseases such as colon cancer, complications of diabetes, and obesity. The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) assay is a quantitative analysis test of very low levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the blood. During an inflammatory process the levels of CRP are known to rise dramatically [11, 13]. Various tumour has been linked with inflammation since 1863, when Rudolf Virchow discovered leucocytes in neoplastic tissues and made the first connection between inflammation and cancer [6]. Since then, chronic inflammation has been identified as a risk factor for cancer. It has been demonstrated that patients with colon cancer have statistically significant higher serum CRP concentration. These findings concur with previous studies which indicate that anti-inflammatory drugs could lower colon cancer risk [3, 5]. Rationale for the study. C-reactive protein (CRP), being a pro-inflammatory marker is elevated in Inflammation. Therefore, elevated CRP levels in cancer cases indicate that inflammation can be linked with cancer. Certain international studies have indicated that the serum hs CRP values are elevated significantly in different types of cancer cases compared to controls. CRP values are known to be significantly elevated only in certain types of cancer
The Role of Salivary C-Reactive Protein in Systemic and Oral Disorders: A Systematic Review
Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Background: Blood sampling is expensive, time-consuming, invasive, and requires technical facilities, which can be replaced by more convenient samples such as saliva. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used biomarker in the management of many disorders and plasma CRP (pCRP) is suggested to be replaced by salivary CRP (sCRP). This study aimed to systematically review all available literature on the sCRP levels in systemic and oral disorders and how sCRP and pCRP levels correlate among these patients and healthy individuals. Methods: In this systematic review, a PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar search was conducted on October-2021 to identify all research investigating sCRP levels in systemic and oral disorders. Results: A total of 130 publications were analyzed in the review. Most of the studies reported that sCRP and pCRP levels are correlated, and sCRP is a reliable alternative for pCRP level for the diagnosis and management of medical conditions. sCRP has been measured in many different medical and oral disorders and significantly correlated with disease activity in most cases. Conclusion: Salivary CRP is a good alternative for Plasma CRP levels in most cases.
C-reactive protein levels: a prognostic marker for patients with head and neck cancer?
Head & Neck Oncology, 2010
Background: Recent advances in understanding complex tumor interactions have led to the discovery of an association between inflammation and cancer, in particular for colon and lung cancer, but only a very few have dealt with oral cancer. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the significance of preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as a parameter for development of lymph node metastases or recurrence. Materials and methods: In 278 patients with oral cancer, preoperative CRP levels were compared with development of recurrence and metastasis. Results: In 27 patients from the normal CRP group, and in 21 patients from the elevated CRP group, local recurrence was observed. Concerning lymph node metastases, 37 patients were in the normal group and 9 patients in the elevated CRP group. No significant correlation could be found between elevated CRP levels and metastasis (p = 0.468) or recurrence (p = 0.137). Conclusion: Our findings do not appear to support a correlation between preoperative CRP levels and development of recurrence or metastases. In further studies, CRP levels in precancerous lesions and in Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) positive patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) should be studied.
Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory process that occurs in response to infection from bacteria in dental plaque. PD affects and destroys the periodontal tissues causing teeth loss. It is also associated to systemic diseases. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein produced by the liver and released into the blood during the acute phase of inflammation. Therefore, CRP is very used as a marker for inflammation process. Studies on the presence of CRP in the saliva of the subjects with PD do not exist. Objective: The aim of this study was to test a biochemical kit for CRP detection in blood plasma to monitor CRP in saliva of PD subjects. Material and methods: Saliva was collected from 40 individuals, both sexes, from 20-45 years-old, divided into two groups: Test Group – PD subjects (TG; n = 20) and Control Group (CG n = 20), without PD. The following salivary parameters were analysed: buffer capacity (BC), salivary flow (SF), pH, urea, total proteins, and CRP...
C -reactive protein in saliva of non-smoking patients with periodontitis (a pilot study
Journal of health sciences, 2021
Introduction: C-reactive Protein (CRP) as an inflammatory biomarker can be easily determined in saliva, but the values of salivary CRP in periodontitis are not well-studied. The aim of this study was to analyze and determine the values of salivary CRP in non-smokers with periodontitis stage 3 or 4 before and after supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy. Methods: Standard periodontal parameters and saliva samples were collected in 12 non-smoking patients. Patients in the test group (n = 6) underwent supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy, and the control group (n = 6) received only supragingival full-mouth therapy. Both groups received the same oral hygiene instructions in addition to therapy. After 3 months, re-registration of periodontal parameters and re-sampling of saliva for analysis of salivary CRP were done for both groups. Results: Statistical analysis revealed large differences in the values of clinical periodontal parameters and CRP levels in the test group after therapy. Values of salivary CRP in the test and control groups were lower 3 months the therapy; however, the results were not statistically significant. The correlation of clinical periodontal parameters and salivary CRP varied in both groups. Conclusion: Our pilot study reveals decreased concentrations of salivary C-reactive protein in non-smoking patients following non-surgical periodontal therapy. Further studies are needed to prove the reliability of salivary CRP as a biomarker for periodontitis.
2021
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered a premalignant disease. Objectives: This study aims at comparing the salivary levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) among cases with OSCC, OLP, and healthy persons. Methods: In this case-control study, salivary markers were evaluated in 55 cases (15 patients with OSCC, 20 patients with OLP, and 20 healthy persons); non-stimulated saliva samples were collected from the patients and saliva markers were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The data were analyzed, using SPSS 21 software and ANOVA test and P < 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: Salivary LDH and CA125 levels were significantly higher in OSCC and OLP patients compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Salivary CRP levels were significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to OLP patients...
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 2013
Background: Oral cavity cancer ranks as the fourth leading cancer in men in Taiwan. The development of a serum biomarker panel for early detection and disease monitoring is, therefore, warranted. Methods: Nine inflammation-associated markers were investigated in 46 patients with leukoplakia, 151 patients with untreated oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and 111 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During a subsequent 28-month surveillance of OSCC patients, serum samples were prospectively collected at predetermined intervals following the completion of therapy. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, C-reactive protein (CRP), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and E-selectin having the best discrimination power between groups and significant elevation trends of those five markers were noted from control to OSCC. By combining those five markers, a 0.888 and 0.938 area under curve b...