Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,South MarsaAlam City,Egypt (original) (raw)

Abstract

Natural radiation levels of gamma ray emitted from 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in the beach sand of Ras Hankorab Area,South MarsaAlam City,Egypt have been carried out using the high purity germanium (HPGe) detector.Radiation hazard indices were calculated to estimate the radiological risk for the public and environment.The mean value of outdoor gamma absorbed dose rate (D out) for the studied areais 62nGy/h.Also the average value of annual outdoor effective dose (E out) for analyzed samples were measured and were lower than the acceptable values. The external radiation hazard indices were lower than unity for all samples.The outdoor excess life time cancer risk (ELCR out) and annual effective dose from radon (AED Rn)for all studied samples are lower than the allowed limits.The important minerals which are found in the studied area using XRD techniqueare;Ilmenite, Rutile, Magnetite, Ggeothite, Garnet, zircon, Sphene, monazite, Uranothorite, Xenotime, and Apatite, as well as fine fragments of feldspars and quartz. Trace elements were analyzed by XRF technique.Sothe beach sand in Ras Hankorab area is safe and not pose any significant source of radiation hazard to the population and the tourists.

Figures (13)

Fig. (1): Location map of Ras Hankorab coast such as Wadi El Gemal Diving center, shams Alam tourist village and many archeological sites such as Sikait temple,MadinetNugrus and ancient emerald mines at Um Addebaa, Um Kabu and Wadi Sikaitas well as Ras Hankorab beach.The main economic activities of inhabitants are tourism,herding(camel and sheep), fishing,mining works, goods trading and craft productions.

Fig. (1): Location map of Ras Hankorab coast such as Wadi El Gemal Diving center, shams Alam tourist village and many archeological sites such as Sikait temple,MadinetNugrus and ancient emerald mines at Um Addebaa, Um Kabu and Wadi Sikaitas well as Ras Hankorab beach.The main economic activities of inhabitants are tourism,herding(camel and sheep), fishing,mining works, goods trading and craft productions.

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,..

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,..

*lower value, **higher value Table(1):Activity concentrations of *°U,”°Ra ,”’Th and “K in Bq/Kg and *Ra/**U ratio for the studied sand samples on the surface at Ras Hankorab beach.

*lower value, **higher value Table(1):Activity concentrations of *°U,”°Ra ,”’Th and “K in Bq/Kg and *Ra/**U ratio for the studied sand samples on the surface at Ras Hankorab beach.

Table (2): Activity concentrations of “°U, °Ra ,~’Th and “K in Bq/Kg and ?8Ra/**8U ratio for the studied sand samples at the bottom at Ras Hankorab beach.

Table (2): Activity concentrations of “°U, °Ra ,~’Th and “K in Bq/Kg and ?8Ra/**8U ratio for the studied sand samples at the bottom at Ras Hankorab beach.

Fig.(3): Activity concentrations of °U, ”°Ra, ’Thand “°K for surface samples with permissible level. g y Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,..

Fig.(3): Activity concentrations of °U, ”°Ra, ’Thand “°K for surface samples with permissible level. g y Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,..

Table(3):7°U and ~’Th concentration in sand samples in ppm and *’Th/*U ratio for surface and bottom samples. The gamma ray radiation hazards due to the specified radionuclides were assessed by radiological parameters such as indices; outdoor external dose (nGy/h), external hazard,annual outdoor effective dose (mSv/y) and outdoor excess life time cancer risk at surface and bottom sand beach samples as shown in (table 4). We concluded that the outdoor external dose rate ranged between (21.5-100.4) for surface and ranged between (25.7-85.8) in bottom with an average value 62.4 and 61.5 nGy/h respectively which are slightly higher than permissible level (59 nGy/h) (21).

Table(3):7°U and ~’Th concentration in sand samples in ppm and *’Th/*U ratio for surface and bottom samples. The gamma ray radiation hazards due to the specified radionuclides were assessed by radiological parameters such as indices; outdoor external dose (nGy/h), external hazard,annual outdoor effective dose (mSv/y) and outdoor excess life time cancer risk at surface and bottom sand beach samples as shown in (table 4). We concluded that the outdoor external dose rate ranged between (21.5-100.4) for surface and ranged between (25.7-85.8) in bottom with an average value 62.4 and 61.5 nGy/h respectively which are slightly higher than permissible level (59 nGy/h) (21).

Fig.(4):Activity concentrations of 238, °Ra, *’Th and “’K for bottom samples with permissible level. Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,..

Fig.(4):Activity concentrations of 238, °Ra, *’Th and “’K for bottom samples with permissible level. Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,..

www.iosrjournals.org

www.iosrjournals.org

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,.. The results show that the average values of the annual outdoor effective dose E,yfor surface and bottom samples equal 0.08 which is slightly higher than permissible value 0.07 mSv/y(22). The average value of ELCR,yequal (0.25 x10°) for surface and bottom samplesand less than permissible value (0.29 x10°). So the sand beach of the area under investigation is not dangerous on people and can be used as a tourist beach. Tables(5)represent the activity concentration of radon Cp,, radon emanation factor F,radon mass exhalation rate Epnand the annual effective dose from radon AEDg, for surface and bottom samples.

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,.. The results show that the average values of the annual outdoor effective dose E,yfor surface and bottom samples equal 0.08 which is slightly higher than permissible value 0.07 mSv/y(22). The average value of ELCR,yequal (0.25 x10°) for surface and bottom samplesand less than permissible value (0.29 x10°). So the sand beach of the area under investigation is not dangerous on people and can be used as a tourist beach. Tables(5)represent the activity concentration of radon Cp,, radon emanation factor F,radon mass exhalation rate Epnand the annual effective dose from radon AEDg, for surface and bottom samples.

Table (5): The values of activity concentrations of radon Rn (Bq/m°), radon emanation factor (F), radon mass exhalation rate (Eg,,) and annual effective dose from radon (AED,, )for the surface and bottom beach sand samples. www.iosrjournals.org

Table (5): The values of activity concentrations of radon Rn (Bq/m°), radon emanation factor (F), radon mass exhalation rate (Eg,,) and annual effective dose from radon (AED,, )for the surface and bottom beach sand samples. www.iosrjournals.org

The identified important minerals in the studied samples at Ras Hankorab beach which they are confirmed by the XRD technique and seen by the binocular microscope are as follow; Tlmontto (FRoTif)?.) renrecente the mainr mineral canctitnent af the tatal mineral accambhlagec af the ctidied vert Siar: Pgh RMN Using XRD technique we have shown that samples consist of light and heavy constituents, but the light mineral constituents are feldspar, quartz, and lithic fragments, while the heavy minerals contain Ilmenite, Rutile, Magnetite, Ggeothite, Garnet, zircon, Sphene, monazite, Uranothorite, Xenotime, and Apatite. The heavy minerals reflect the nature of source rock area because different rock types contain different heavy mineral associations.

The identified important minerals in the studied samples at Ras Hankorab beach which they are confirmed by the XRD technique and seen by the binocular microscope are as follow; Tlmontto (FRoTif)?.) renrecente the mainr mineral canctitnent af the tatal mineral accambhlagec af the ctidied vert Siar: Pgh RMN Using XRD technique we have shown that samples consist of light and heavy constituents, but the light mineral constituents are feldspar, quartz, and lithic fragments, while the heavy minerals contain Ilmenite, Rutile, Magnetite, Ggeothite, Garnet, zircon, Sphene, monazite, Uranothorite, Xenotime, and Apatite. The heavy minerals reflect the nature of source rock area because different rock types contain different heavy mineral associations.

Table 7: Chemical analysis of some trace elements for the 17 samples of Ras Hankorab area with Pie-Chart showing the average distribution of analyzed trace elements.

Table 7: Chemical analysis of some trace elements for the 17 samples of Ras Hankorab area with Pie-Chart showing the average distribution of analyzed trace elements.

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,.. It is clear that all samples contain high concentration of Rb, Zr, Ba, Cu and lead which can be separated using different methods to be used in different important industries. IV. Conclusion

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,.. It is clear that all samples contain high concentration of Rb, Zr, Ba, Cu and lead which can be separated using different methods to be used in different important industries. IV. Conclusion

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (25)

  1. Saleh, I.H., 2012. Radioactivity of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs andassessment of depleted uranium in soil of the Musandam Peninsula,Sultanate of Oman. Turkish J. Eng. Environ. Sci. 36, 236-248.
  2. UNSCEAR, 2008. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effectsof Atomic Radiation. Report to the General Assembly UnitedNations, New York. Annex B, vol. I, 223-439.
  3. Al-Jundi, J., Al-Bataina, B.A., Abu-Rukah, Y., Shehadeh, H.M., 2003. Natural radioactivity concentrations in soil samples along the Amman Aqaba Highway, Jordan. Radiat. Measur. 36, 555-560.
  4. Orabi, H., Al-Shareaif, A., El Galefi, M., 2006. Gamma-ray measurements of naturally occurring radioactive sample from Alkharje city. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 269, 99-102.
  5. BahaEl Din, S.M.(2001). Important bird areas in Africa and associated islands -Egypt, available online:http://www.birdlife.org,pp.241-264.
  6. FAO,2002. Rehabilitation, conservation and sustainable utilization of mangroves in Egypt, Community-based mangrove rehabilitation and ecotourism development and management in the Red Sea coast,Consultancy Report, TCP/EGY/0168(A), p71.
  7. IRG ,(International Resources Group for USAID) and EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Management plan for wadi El-Gemal National Park: Egyptian environmental Affairs Agency Nature Conservation Sector, Egypt Environmental Policy Program (EEPP), (2004),p.176.
  8. Arafat, A. A., et al., "Distribution of natural radionuclides and assessment of the associated hazards in the environment of MarsaAlam-Shalateen area, Red Sea coast, Egypt.", Journal of radiation research and applied sciences 10.3 ,(2017): 219-232.
  9. El-Tahawy.
  10. M. S., Farouk. M. A., Hammad. H. F., and Ibrahim. N. M., "Natural Potassium as A standard source for the Absoulte Efficiency Calib.of Ge Detector", Nucl.Sci.J.29, p. (361), (1992).
  11. EML., "Environmental Measurements Laboratory USA", Department of Energy, Nov. (1990).
  12. Beretka. J., Mathew. P. J., "Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and byproducts", Health Physics 48, pp: 87-95., (1985).
  13. Merdano˘glu. M., and Altnsoy. N., "Radioactivity concentrations and dose assessment for soil samples from Kestanbol granite area".,Turkey. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 121 (No. 4)., Dosimetry 125 (1-4)., pp: 444-448., (2006).
  14. Ibrahim, M. E., et al., "Assessment of the Natural Radioactivity and its Radiological Hazards in Stream Sediments at Gulf of Al Aqaba, Sinai, Egypt." Journal of Scientific Research in Science 32,part 2 (2015): 62-75.
  15. UNSCEAR. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (2000), Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Report V. 1 to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes (NY)., (2000).
  16. Bassioni G, Abdulla F, Morsy Z and El-FaramawyN.,(2012)."Evaluation of Naturally Occuring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Inorganic and Organic Oilfield Scales from the Middle East". Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Volume 62, Issue 3, pp361-368.
  17. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, UNSCEAR,Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations, New York, 1988.
  18. Abdullah Alamoudi, (2010)." The effect of grain size on the measurements of activity concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials ". Department of Phy., Faculty of engineering and physical sciences university of surrey,(Mphil to PhD Transfer Report).pp.16-17.
  19. Qureshi A.A., Tariq S., Ud Din K., Manzoor S., Calligaris C. and Abdul Waheed.,(2014)."Evaluation of excessive lifetime cancer risk due to natural radioactivity in the rivers sediments of Northern Pakistan ", Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, Issue 7,pp438-447.
  20. Nikl I and VegvariI.,(1992)."The natural radioactivity of coal and byproducts in Hungarian coal fired power plants". IzotoptechnikaDiagnosztika; V.35, PP.57-64.
  21. UNSCEAR, 2000. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Publication
  22. UNSCEAR, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation,(2010). "Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation". Report to General Assembly with Scientific Annexes, United Nations, New york.
  23. UNSCEAR, (2008). Report to the general assembly. Annex B Exposure of the Public and workers from various sources of radiation.
  24. ICRP ,International Commission on Radiological Protection,(1993)."Protection against radon-222 at home and at work". ICRP Publication No.65.Oxford: Oxford Pergamon Press.
  25. Manar A.M. Emam, et. al. "Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and its Associated Hazards in Ras HankorabBeach,South MarsaAlam City,Egypt." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR- JAP), 12(3), 2020, pp. 41-52.