Young Women's Fertility Intentions and the Emerging Bilateral Family System under China's Two-Child Family Planning Policy (original) (raw)

Complexity of Chinese Family Life: Individualism, Familism, and Gender

China Review, 2020

As market reforms and socioeconomic development have transformed the Chinese economy, family life in rural and urban areas has also been directly and indirectly altered. Yet demographers who observe the rise of singlehood and sub-replacement fertility find confirmation of the universal application of theories in support of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT), while others find that high rates of marriage, near absence of births outside of marriage, and continuing centrality of intergenerational aid flows call for a more nuanced approach in China. In response to the still limited research on this rising diversity of contemporary family life in China, this special issue provides both theoretical insights and empirical evidence to examine how individualistic and familial values coexist, clash, and interact in different aspects of family life, and how gender relations and intergenerational politics have evolved at the same time.

Transitions to partnership and parenthood: Is China still traditional?

Demographic Research, 2020

BACKGROUND In the context of rapid economic and social change in China, we analyze young adult life course trajectories in the important decisions around forming partnerships and creating a family. We focus on the decisions by the millennial young adult cohort who are under 40 years of age. OBJECTIVE We ask "Is China following the Western pattern of delayed marriage and family formation or will the cultural context create a different trajectory to marriage and family formation?" METHODS The study uses data from the China Household Finance Survey. The study examines the extent to which the life-course trajectories are changing in a period of rapid economic and social change, and how parental support and extended family linkages influence the relative rate of the trajectory to marriage and family formation. We use both crosssectional and longitudinal analyses. RESULTS We show that cross generational links are important and reflect the cultural context of the special nature of strong linkages across parents, children, and grandchildren in China. Although age at marriage has increased modestly, marriage is still the norm and having a child takes place quite rapidly after marriage. CONTRIBUTION This paper places the transition to marriage and family formation into an international context and shows how deep cultural forces are changing only slowly with economic modernization. Overall, the analysis suggests more continuity than change in young adults' life course decisions with respect to marriage and family formation.

Resistant to change? The transition to parenthood among married adults in China

Journal of Family Therapy, 2017

Using retrospective life history data from the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) and discrete time event history analysis, this study investigates the transition to parenthood of adult males and females for the 1965 to 2004 marriage cohorts. We find that Chinese people generally prefer to become parents soon after marriage. We also find that more recent marriage cohorts are less likely to become parents compared to earlier cohort for males, but this is not the case for women. This indicates that economic or role incompatibility in general does not prevent women from becoming mothers, which in general supports the idea that there are alternative resources available for women to balance the role incompatibility in China's context. The extended family is an important resource for married couples to rely upon to raise young children. This study sheds light on China's family therapy practice, which should take into consideration the demographic trends and cultural factors in understanding the role conflict within the family, such as intergenerational relations and gender ideology. Practitioner points • Role incompatibility of having children can be relieved by extended family, so therapy programmes dealing with intergenerational relationship should be developed • Family therapists should consider the pace of gender ideology change in child rearing during negotiation of the husband-wife relationship • Training programmes can be more specific to the extended family for dealing with child rearing skills and potential conflict resolutions.

Family Policy in China: A Snapshot of 1950–2010

Handbook of Family Policies Across the Globe, 2013

The Chinese family policies are shaped by the country's political, socioeconomic, and cultural contexts and have evolved over the years. China has passed its most significant family policies and laws in marriage; child rearing; child, women, and elderly protection; family planning; and health care in the past 60 years. This chapter will cover the most important laws and policies that affect Chinese families from 1950 to 2010. The discussion focuses on policy development, implementation and analysis, and the challenges China faces in relation to these policy issues.

A Mosaic Temporality: New Dynamics of the Gender and Marriage System in Contemporary Urban China

Une mosaïque de temporalités : les nouvelles dynamiques de genre et du système du mariage dans la Chine urbaine contemporaine Una temporalidad en mosaico: nuevas dinámicas del sistema matrimonial y de género en la China urbana contemporánea JI YINGCHUN Résumés English Français Español Contemporary Chinese society has witnessed ongoing complex institutional and cultural reconfiguration, driven by the transition from the socialist planned economy to marketization and later its deep engagement in globalization and neoliberalism. In this reshaping of Chinese society, tradition and modernity, the resurgence of patriarchal Confucian tradition, the socialist version of modernity, the capitalist version of modernity, and the socialist heritage intermingle, and all seem to define a mosaic temporality. Facing the increasing uncertainties of the market, family members in post-reform China have to stick together as an economic safety net, emotional harbor and spiritual fortress. Chinese parents heavily invest in their children and continue to support them in their adulthood; whereas, the youth is under great obligation to providing old age care for their parents; and parents may regard this heavily-invested offspring as their private product. This resurgent but modified familialism, is not an exact replication of traditional familialism, but is definitely different from the family modes featured by individualism in Western contexts. Mosaic familialism is characterized by a sequential symbiosis between parents and children facing financial constraints and unforeseeable uncertainties with a lack of a social safety net. At the same time, patriarchal Confucianism is rejuvenated to a certain degree, women's traditional wife and mother role is once again stressed, if not glorified; and the neoliberal discourse articulating personal choice and responsibility, but not individual right, stands by seamlessly. Parents and children, husband and wife are dependent on each other in the intimate family, following a clearly gendered pattern.

Preference or Aversion? Exploring Fertility Desires among China's Young Urban Elite

2016

The best would be to have a boy and a girl, because I think a child growing up alone is too lonely. You need a companion.... An older brother and a younger sister would be best.... This is because an older brother would care for the sister from young age. He would feel very responsible. Like a real man. And the sister could rely on her older brother, and grow up like a little princess. Yamei, singleton woman

Marrying the perfect child — Middle class norms and intergenerational arrangements in the marriage corners of urban China

Ethnography, 2020

Caught in the context of a highly competitive development process, within the framework of a policy which limited their reproductive capacity to a single child, PRC urban families have, in recent decades, attached growing importance to their child's education, aiming to lead them to professional and personal success. This, however, also had an impact on the capacities of many young adults to marry early. In this context, the phenomenon of “marriage corners” mushroomed in large cities all over China beginning in the mid-2000s. Within China, this new practice generated criticism. These markets are seen as displaying conservative forms of marriage arrangement, the disregarding of romantic love, and forms of intergenerational power organization that may be considered backwards. However, by the criticisms it generates but as well the forms of relationships that it displays, the phenomenon can allow for a better understanding of the transformation of inter-generational relationships a...