Нанзатов Б.З. Племенной состав бурят в XIX веке // Народы и культуры Сибири. Взаимодействие как фактор формирования и модернизации. – Иркутск, 2003. – С.15-27 | Nanzatov B.Z. Buryat tribe composition in 19th century (original) (raw)
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The author presents a review of two recently published books by a Buryat ethnologist Bair Z. Nanzatov: Transbaikal Buryats in the 19th Century: Ethnic Structure and Location (Ulan-Ude: Buryat Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch RAS Press, 2016. 290 pp); and Irkutsk Buryats in the 19th Century: Ethnic Structure and Location (Ulan-Ude: Buryat Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch RAS Press, 2018. 224 pp.). Both books analysed questions of tribal structure and settlement of Buryats in the 19th century, and since content-wise, and also in terms of goals and objectives, they are close, they are reviewed jointly. The reviewer rates both books highly with a particular emphasis on the author’s methodological approach and recommends them to a wide range of readers (researchers first of all) / Автор представляет рецензию на две недавно изданные книги бурятского исследователя Б. З. Нанзатова: «Забайкальские буряты в XIX веке: этнический состав и расселение» (отв. ред. М. М. Содномпилова. Улан-Удэ: Изд-во БНЦ СО РАН, 2016. 290 с.) и «Иркутские буряты в XIX веке: этнический состав и расселение» (отв. ред. П. Б. Коновалов. Улан-Удэ: Изд-во БНЦ СО РАН, 2018. 224 с.). Работы посвящены вопросам племенного состава и расселения бурят в XIX в. Ввиду того что с точки зрения целей и задач, а также по содержанию, обе книги органично дополняют друг друга, они рассматриваются вместе. Рецензент дает высокую оценку обеим работам, особое внимание уделяя методологическим вопросам.
Нанзатов Б. З. Нижнеудинские буряты в XIX веке: этнический состав и расселение // Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Серия Геоархеология. Этнология. Антропология. 2018. Т. 25. С. 128–142. https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2018.25.128, 2018
The article continues a series of research works on the ethnic composition of the Buryat population using a case study of Buryat administrative and territorial units, national jurisdictions of the Russian empire in 19th century. In the structure of the Buryat departments of the XIX century the least studied administrative unit was Nizhneudinskaya zemlitsa (litterally 'small land'). It was formed in 17th century on the westernmost periphery of the "Bratskaya (Buryat) land", on the territory of the Buryat tribe of Ashibagat and its tax-paying population, including population spoken on Turkic, Tungusic, Samoyedic and Yeniseian languagies. The Nizhneudinskaya zemlitsa has undergone the most large-scale reduction of the territory and the outflow of the indigenous population in the process of implementing imperial relocation projects of all the Buryat departments. Most of its territories moved under Russian peasant and the Cossack settlements. The author's map of Nizhneudinskaya Zemlitsa reflects the dynamics of changes in the boundaries of this Buryat department in the 19th century. The ethnic composition of the remaining not numerous Buryat population was heterogeneous and included not only the Buryat tribes, but also the Kyshtyms who were assimilated. In the process of assimilation by the 19th century, the former tax-paying population of the Buryats became not only thae part of Buryats and Tofalar (Kargassky), but also the old resident Russian population. Studies of the ethnic composition of the Nizhneudinsk Buryats allowed to prove the Mongolian origin of a number of ethnic groups - Korchun, Khurdut, Kara-Darhan, whose origin was previously considered Yeniseian or Samoyedic. A number of ethnonyms require further research.
Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии, 2017
The article deals with a study of ethnic composition of the Tunka Buryats and features of their settlement on the territory of the former Tunkinskaya Steppe Duma, which was split into four parts called Torskaya, Koimorskaya, Kharibyatskaya indigenous authorities and Okinskoe separate clan district in 1890. Creation of the first Buryat territorial administrative units — Mirskay izba and Steppe bureau (Stepnaya kontora) and their further evolution to Steppe Dumas led to formation of ethno-territorial groups of the Buryat people, the identity of which remains relevant to the present time. One of these groups are the Tunka Buryats. The ethnic composition of the Tunka Buryats occupying Russian border area with Mongolia is of great interest as they are tribes living in the border region. Buffer status of the territory along the East Sayan Mountains led to the emergence and settlement of different Mongol, Turkic, Samoyedic tribes, such as Khurkhut, Dalakhai, Khongodor, Khoykho, Chaldar, Terte, Shosholok and others in this area during different periods of history. The tribe of Irkit also lived among the Buryats. Its genesis is connected to the Samoyedic peoples who had lived in the Sayan region long before Turkic and Mongolic tribes appeared there. Some of them preserved traditional reindeer husbandry in the 19th century. This study continues a discussion on ethnicity and origin of small Buryat tribes and their relations with the Mongolic and Turkic tribes of Central Asia and South Siberia. Author's version of their origin is based on historical and linguistic analysis of ethnonyms of these tribes, which form an ethno-territorial group of the Tunka Buryats. Reconstruction of network of settlement of the Buryat ethnic groups on the territory under consideration in the 19th century allowed us to demonstrate the most complete picture of settlement of the Tunka Buryats and Irkits, and to show the maximum number of uluses and villages, which existed there at the end of the 19th century. The author's maps also show status of the territory, ratio and density of population of the Buryat tribes.
В настоящей публикации автор обобщает некоторые результаты своих многолетних исследований, которые были актуализированы в ходе дискуссии, состоявшейся в 2018-2019 гг. на страницах журнала «Золотоордынское обозрение» (см.: Самигулов Г.Х. Ясачные люди, иноземцы, ясак и дарообмен-практические размышления о теории // Золотоордынское обозрение. 2018. Т. 6, № 2. С. 342-369; Конев А.Ю. Феномен «иноземчества», ясак и дарообмен: народы Поволжья, Урала и Сибири в России конца XVI-начала XVIII веков // Золотоордынское обозрение. 2019. Т. 7, № 4. С. 760-783). Основными акцентами исследования определены методологический и понятийно-терминологический. В фокусе внимания наиболее многочисленная группа индигенного сибирского населения-«ясачные люди». Предложена обновленная версия ранее выдвинутой автором периодизации исторической эволюции правового положения народов Северо-Западной Сибири с конца XVI до начала XX вв. The author summarizes some of the results of his many years of research, which have become more relevant thanks to the discussion on the pages of the Golden Horde Review (see: Samigulov G.Kh. Yasak People, Foreigners, Yasak and Exchange of Gifts – Practical Thinking about a Theory. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2018, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 342–369; Konev A.Yu. The Phenomenon of “Foreigners”, Yasak and Gift Ex-change: Peoples of the Volga Region, the Urals and Siberia in Russia in the late sixteenth and early eighteenth centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2019, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 760–783). Methodological and conceptual-terminological aspects are the main aspects of this study. It pays its main attention to the yasak people, that is, the largest group of the indigenous Siberian population. The author updates his periodization of evolution in the legal status of peoples in North-West Siberia from the end of sixteenth to begin-ning of twentieth century.
The article continues a series of research works on the ethnic composition of the Buryat population using a case study of the Steppe Dumas, national jurisdictions of the Russian empire in 19th century. The Balagansk steppe Duma was the largest in the Irkutsk province in terms of population. The ethnic composition and resettlement of the ethno-territorial group of the Balagansk Buryats is of great interest in connection with the study of Buryats ethnogenesis and the ethnic history of the Baikal region. The ethnic background of the population was composed of the Bulagat tribes, since the Duma was based on the indigenous lands of the Bulagats. A significant stratum of the population of the Duma was the Ikinat tribal group. The ethnic map of the Balagan Steppe Duma was formed in the context of large-scale migrations of the Buryats in Transbaikalia, Mongolia and back, local migrations linking the territory of the Duma with neighboring territories of Bratsk and Nizhneudinsk fortresses. The complex ethnic composition reflects the long stage of the formation of this territorial group, which included several tribal associations of Bulagats and Ikynats. Several differently-time layers that took part not only in the ethnogenesis of the Buryats, but also in the neighboring Turkic and Mongolian peoples, which indicates the inextricable link between the history of this subregion both with Central Asia and with Southern and Northern Siberia were identified after Researches of the ethnic composition of the Balagansk Buryats
The article continues a series of research works on the ethnic composition of the Buryat population using a case study of the Steppe Dumas, national jurisdictions of the Russian empire in 19th century. This article studies the ethnic composition and settlement of Ida Buryats in the Ida Steppe Duma. The creation of the first Buryat territorial and administrative entities – Mirskaya Izba and Steppe Bureau and their further development to Steppe Dumas led to the formation of ethno-territorial groups of Buryat people, whose identity remains relevant in modern conditions. The ethnic composition and resettlement of the ethnoterritorial group of the Ida Buryats is of great interest in connection with the study of Buryats ethnogenesis and the ethnic history of the Baikal region. This study continues the discussion about the origins and connections of Buryat tribes with the Mongolian, Turkic and Tungus tribes of Central Asia and Southern Siberia. One of the key ethnic groups of the Ida Buryats is the tribal union Obogoni Olon. Turkic medieval tribes of Southern Siberia and Central Asia took part in its formation. Medieval archaeological monuments in the valleys of rivers Angara, Osa, Obusa, Ulei, Unga are connected with this tribal union. In turn, this ethnic group took part in the formation of the Yakut (Sakha) ethnos. The presence among the Ida Buryats of ethnonyms of the late Mongolian tribes reflects the constant contacts of the Baikal region with the Central Asian region, and the Oirat ethnonyms indicate the existence of a medieval Oirat layer of the Yenisei-Baikal region. The author's version of the origin of ethnic groups that formed the ethno-territorial group of the Ida Buryats was proposed on the basis of the historical and linguistic analysis of macro-ethnonyms. The reconstruction of the network of settlement of Buryat ethnic groups in the investigated territory in the 19th century allowed to present the most complete picture of the settlement of the Ida Buryats with the maximum number of uluses and villages, existing at the end of the 19th century. Also, author's maps indicate the status of the territories, the ratio and density of settlement of the Buryat tribes.
Евразия в кайнозое. Стратиграфия, палеоэкология, культуры., 2018
Lower Oka Buryats settled on the territory of the Bratskaya Volost were the smallest ethnoterritorial group of the Buryats of Irkutsk province in the 19 century. In the 17 century, they were the first to come into contact with the Russians who were moving into the «Bratskaya Land». From the information of Russian documents of the 17 century, this group of Buryats represented a separate unit on the complex ethnopolitical map of Buryatia in the 17th century. Reconstruction of the ethnic composition of the Lower Oka Buryats was carried out on the basis of archival documents reflecting the geography of the advance of the Russian orders of the 17th century in the Buryat uluses. The information received from the descendants of the Lower Oka Buryats, who migrated to other Buryat departments, was also in demand. They became part of the Balagan, Ida and Alar Buryats. The greatest number of them was recorded in the Balaganskaya Steppe Duma. Events of the middle 17th and 18th centuries which entailed the strengthening of the Russian population in the Angara region, the displacement of the Buryats from ancestral lands and the construction of the Bratskkii (Padunskii) fortress led to a massive outflow of the Buryat population from the lower Oka. Lower Oka Buryats turned out to be the only one group that failed to form an organ of national self-government. Direct subordination of the Lower Oka Buryats to the peasants' heads of the Bratskaya volost, formed on the lands of the former Bratskaya Zemlitsa, had a negative impact on their numbers and on the territory of their resettlement. They were not only the smallest group but also completely lost control of their «breed» lands.