BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICINAL PLANT: A REVIEW ON ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES (original) (raw)
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Biological properties of medicinal plants: a review of their antimicrobial activity
J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis, 2010
Plants have been used for thousands of years to flavor and conserve food, to treat health disorders and to prevent diseases including epidemics. The knowledge of their healing properties has been transmitted over the centuries within and among human communities. Active compounds produced during secondary vegetal metabolism are usually responsible for the biological properties of some plant species used throughout the globe for various purposes, including treatment of infectious diseases. Currently, data on the antimicrobial activity of numerous plants, so far considered empirical, have been scientifically confirmed, concomitantly with the increasing number of reports on pathogenic microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials. Products derived from plants may potentially control microbial growth in diverse situations and in the specific case of disease treatment, numerous studies have aimed to describe the chemical composition of these plant antimicrobials and the mechanisms involved in microbial growth inhibition, either separately or associated with conventional antimicrobials. Thus, in the present work, medicinal plants with emphasis on their antimicrobial properties are reviewed.
Medicinal Plants and its Antimicrobial Properties: A Review
The beneficial medicinal effects of plant materials typically result from the secondary products present in the plant although, it is usually not attributed to a single compound but a combination of the metabolites. The medicinal actions of plants are unique to a particular plant species or group, consistent with the concept that the combination of secondary products in a particular plant is taxonomically distinct. The screening of plants usually involves several approach; ethno botanical approach is one of the common methods that are employed in choosing the plant for pharmacological study. In the present review paper, antimicrobial properties of various medicinal plants were reviewed. The present review deals with the antibacterial and antifungal activity of various medicinal plants.
STUDY OF MEDICINAL HERBS AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY: A REVIEW
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2018
The beneficial medicinal effects of plant materials typically result from the secondary products present in the plant although, it is usually not attributed to a single compound but a combination of the metabolites. The medicinal actions of plants are unique to a particular plant species or group, consistent with the concept that the combination of secondary products in a particular plant is taxonomically distinct.The screening of plants usually involves several approach; ethno botanical approach is one of the common methods that are employed in choosing the plant for pharmacological study. In the present review paper, antimicrobial properties of various medicinal plants were reviewed. The present review deals with the antibacterial activity of various medicinal plants.
Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity
Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2005
In the present paper, we analyze the past, present and future of medicinal plants, both as potential antimicrobial crude drugs as well as a source for natural compounds that act as new anti-infection agents. In the past few decades, the search for new anti-infection agents has occupied many research groups in the field of ethnopharmacology. When we reviewed the number of articles published on the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants in PubMed during the period between 1966 and 1994, we found 115; however, in the following decade between 1995 and 2004, this number more than doubled to 307. In the studies themselves one finds a wide range of criteria. Many focus on determining the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts found in folk medicine, essential oils or isolated compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenes, triterpenes or naphtoquinones, among others. Some of these compounds were isolated or obtained by bio-guided isolation after previously detecting antimicrobial activity on the part of the plant. A second block of studies focuses on the natural flora of a specific region or country; the third relevant group of papers is made up of specific studies of the activity of a plant or principle against a concrete pathological microorganism. Some general considerations must be established for the study of the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts, essential oils and the compounds isolated from them. Of utmost relevance is the definition of common parameters, such as plant material, techniques employed, growth medium and microorganisms tested.
Activity of some medicinal plants against certain pathogenic bacterial strains
Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2006
Medicinal plants are an important therapeutic aid for various ailments. Scientific experiments on the antimicrobial properties of plant components were first documented in the late 19 th century. [1] In India, from ancient times, different parts of medicinal plants have been used to cure specific ailments. Today, there is widespread interest in drugs derived from plants. This interest primarily stems from the belief that green medicine is safe and dependable, compared with costly synthetic drugs that have adverse effects. Natural antimicrobials can be derived from plants, animal tissues, or microorganisms. [2] The shortcomings of the drugs available today, propel the discovery of new pharmacotherapeutic agents in medicinal plants. [3] To determine the potential and promote the use of herbal medicine, it is essential to intensify the study of medicinal plants that find place in folklore. [4],[5] In this study, some selected plants of Saurashtra region, India, were screened for potential antibacterial activity. A total of 20 plants were screened. [Table 1] Different parts of the plants were collected, air dried, and powdered in a homogeniser, and 10 g of each plant was used for aqueous and ethanol extraction. The aqueous extraction was done in distilled water for 6 hours at slow heat. The extract was
2021
Interest in medicinal plants showing synergism with antibiotics or as an alternative to antibiotics as possible industrial product is receiving major importance. Medicinal plants are finding their way into pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and neutraceuticals. Long before mankind discovered the existence of microbes, the idea that certain plants had healing potential, indeed, that they contained what we would currently characterize as antimicrobial principles, was well accepted. Since antiquity, man has used plants to treat common infectious diseases and some of these traditional medicines are still included as part of the habitual treatment of various maladies. Today’s ,microbial infections ,resistance to antibiotic drugs have been the biggest challenges, which threaten the health of societies. It has become widely recognized that antimicrobial resistance(AMR) is one of the biggest health threats that mankind faces encompassing huge health and economic burdens on governments and societie...
Antibiotics provide the main basis for the therapy of microbial (bacterial and fungal) infections. Since the discovery of these antibiotics and their uses as chemotherapeutic agents there was a belief in the medical fraternity that this would lead to the eventual eradication of infectious diseases. There is a continuous and urgent need to discover new antimicrobial compounds with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action because there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of new and re-emerging infectious diseases. Another big concern is the development of resistance to the antibiotics in current clinical use. In recent years, drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. In the present scenario of emergence of multiple drug resistance to human pathogenic organisms, this has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial substances from other sources including plants. Higher plants produce hundreds to thousands of diverse chemical compounds with different biological activities. The antimicrobial compounds produced by plants are active against plant and human pathogenic microorganisms. It is expected that plant extracts showing target sites other than those used by antibiotics will be active against drug-resistant microbial pathogens.
Antibacterial activity of plants used in Indian herbal medicine
International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2010
Delonix elata, Enicostemma axillare, Merremia tridentata, Mollugo cerviana and Solanum incanum are medicinal plants used in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of various ailments. These plants were selected to evaluate their potential antibacterial activity. To determine antibacterial activity and phytochemicals in the crude extracts of five medicinal plants used in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of various ailments like rheumatism, piles fever, skin diseases and snake bite. The antibacterial activity of organic solvent extracts of these plants were determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques against grampositive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Results revealed that the chloroform and methanol extracts of D. elata and methanol extracts of M. cerviana exhibited significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative strains with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 1.5 to 100 mg/ml. Methanol extracts of M. tridentata exhibited activity only against gram-positive bacterial strains with MBC ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg/ml. Extracts of E. axillare and S. incanum showed activity only against B. subtilis and were not bactericidal at 100 mg/ml. The most susceptible organism to the organic extracts from all the studied plants was B. subtilis and the most resistant organism was P. aeruginosa. The presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids and glycosides in the extracts of these plants supports their traditional uses as medicinal plants for the treatment of various ailments. The present study reveals potential use of these plants for developing new antibacterial compounds against pathogenic microorganisms.
Antimicrobial Activity of Plants Traditionally Used as Medicines Against Some Pathogens
2010
The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC) of various plant extracts in different solvents such as ethanol (98%), hexane (99%) and distilled water of plants traditionally used as medicines as Bidens pilosa L., Bixa orellana L., Cecropia peltata L., Cinchona officinalis L., Gliricidia sepium, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Justica secunda Vahl., Piper pulchrum, P. paniculata L. and Spilanthes americana were evaluated against five bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus β hemolytic, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and fungus Candidia albicans. These plants are used in Indian folk medicine to treat infections of microbial origin.
HERBAL SOURCES OF ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL: A REVIEW
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 2014
A major part of the total population in world still uses traditional folk medicine obtained from plant resources With an estimation of WHO that as many as 80% of world population living in rural areas rely on herbal traditional medicines as their primary health care. In recent years this interest to evaluate the properties and uses of medicinal plants are getting growing interests now. Plants possessing antibacterial activity for various diseases are being studied by various methods to evaluate their antibacterial property. Different solvent extracts (aqueous, alcohol and ethanol) of leaves, flower and seeds of various plants were subjected to in vitro antibacterial activity assay against gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria employing different diffusion method. Based on common use and ethno botanical knowledge, an attempt has been made to assess the the antibacterial properties of selected medicinal plants viz. Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum, Holarrhena antidysenterica and more for potential antibacterial activity against some important bacterial strains, namely Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. The plant extract were more active against against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram- negative